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Books > Earth & environment > Earth sciences > The hydrosphere
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Manganese Removal from Groundwater - Role of Biological and Physico-Chemical Autocatalytic Processes (Paperback)
Loot Price: R1,317
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Manganese Removal from Groundwater - Role of Biological and Physico-Chemical Autocatalytic Processes (Paperback)
Series: IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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In The Netherlands, Belgium and other European countries, manganese
is removed by conventional groundwater treatment with aeration and
rapid (sand) filtration. Such a treatment process is easy to
operate, cost effective and sustainable, because it does not make
use of strong oxidants such as O3, Cl2, ClO2 and KMnO4 with the
associated risk of by-product formation and over or under dosing.
However, application of aeration-filtration is also facing
drawbacks, especially the long ripening time of filter media. Due
to the long ripening time, water companies have to waste large
volumes of treated water, making this process less sustainable.
Also, costs associated with filter media ripening (man power,
electricity, operational and analysis costs) are high. Therefore
decreasing the filter ripening time, regarding manganese removal is
a big issue. Although already extended research has been carried
out into manganese removal, the controlling mechanisms, especially
of the start up face of filter media ripening, are not fully
understood yet. The emphasis of this thesis is to provide a better
understanding of the mechanisms involved in the ripening of virgin
filter media, regarding manganese removal and how to shorten or
completely eliminate the long ripening period of filters with
virgin material. This thesis therefore highlights the role of the
formation of a manganese oxide coating on virgin filter media.
Characterization and identification revealed that the responsible
manganese oxide for an effective manganese removal was Birnessite.
It was found that Birnessite, formed at the beginning of the
ripening process was of a biological origin. Based on the knowledge
that manganese removal in conventional groundwater treatment is
initiated biologically, long ripening times may be reduced by
creating conditions favouring the growth of manganese oxidizing
bacteria, e.g., by limiting the back wash frequency and / or
intensity. Additionally, this thesis also shows that the use of
freshly prepared manganese oxide, containing Birnessite, can
completely eliminate filter media ripening time.
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