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A Comment on the Commentaries and A Fragment on Government (Hardcover)
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A Comment on the Commentaries and A Fragment on Government (Hardcover)
Series: The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham
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In the two related works in this volume, Bentham offers a detailed
critique of William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of
England (1765-9). In "Comment on the Commentaries," on which
Bentham began work in 1774, he exposes the fallacies which he
claims to have detected in Blackstone, and criticizes the theory of
the Common Law. He goes on to provide important reflections on the
nature of law, and more particularly on the nature of customary and
of statute law, and on judicial interpretation.
A Fragment on Government, which was published in 1776, was
detached from the "Comment on the Commentaries." Concentrating on a
passage of five or six pages in which Blackstone discusses the
origin of society and government, Bentham offers three main
criticisms. First, he criticizes Blackstone's methodology for
failing to distinguish between the role of the expositor and the
role of the censor, and thereby confusing the question of what the
law is with the question of what the law ought to be. Second, he
criticizes Blackstone's assumption that the theory of the social
contract represents an adequate justification of the obligation to
obey government. Third, he criticizes Blackstone's theory of
sovereignty, which claims that in every state there must exist some
absolute, undivided power, whose commands are law. Bentham points
to the existence of states where sovereign power is both divided
and limited.
In these two works, published by OUP for the first time, Bentham
outlines a number of themes which he goes on to develop in his
later works: the principle of utility; the importance of a "natural
arrangement" for a legal system; the point at which resistance to
government becomesjustifiable; the exposition of legal terms; and
much more.
The volume also contains Bentham's "Preface" intended for, but not
published in, the second edition of A Fragment on Government, which
appeared in 1823. Having by this committed himself to political
radicalism, Bentham uses this occasion to reflect on the text and
the circumstances in which it was produced.
The text has been edited by H.L.A. Hart and J.H. Burns, whose
reputations in their respective fields of legal theory and history
of political thought are unsurpassed. The volume contains an
Editorial Introduction which explains the provenance of the text,
and the method of presentation. The texts are fully annotated with
textual and historical notes, and the volume is completed with a
detailed subject index, based on a methodology devised by Hart.
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