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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Zoology & animal sciences > Vertebrates > Birds (ornithology)
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Comparative Anatomy of the External and Middle Ear of Palaeognathous Birds (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1995)
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Comparative Anatomy of the External and Middle Ear of Palaeognathous Birds (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1995)
Series: Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology, 131
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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1. 1 Objectives of this Study The vertebrate middle ear has
attracted the interest of morphologists for more than a century.
Its difficult structure, its complicated evolutionary derivation,
and its integration of branchial, cranial, and otic materials into
a single func- tional unit have made it a key organ for the
understanding of vertebrate structures and their evolutionary
history. Gaupp's (1898, 1913) and Reichert's (1837) comparative
morphological studies of the vertebrate middle ear repre- sented
milestones for anatomy in the general recognition and acceptance of
Darwin's theory of evolution. These fundamental studies
notwithstanding, today's knowledge of avian middle ear structures
is still characterized by descriptive studies focusing on character
sampling to elucidate high-level phylogeny. Phylogenetic studies
have considered either structural aspects of the bony stapes
exclusively (Feduccia 1974, 1975a,b, 1976, 1977, 1978), or focused
on the anatomy of the middle ear cavity, neglecting the sound
trans- mission apparatus (Saiff 1974, 1976, 1978a,b, 1981, 1982,
1983, 1988). Other studies have investigated late-stage embryos and
concentrated on the develop- ment of the skull, considering middle
ear structures only as a side aspect. However, there are
considerable structural differences between the middle ears of
late-stage embryos, hatchlings, and adults of the same species.
Although vertebrate morphology requires a meticulous knowledge of
comparative middle ear data and calls upon an elaborate system of
homologies, it turns out that knowledge of middle ear structural
details is widely dispersed among different species and different
developmental stages, making a comparison even more difficult.
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