Offshore outsourcing-the movement of jobs to lower-wage
countries-is one of the defining features of globalization. Routine
blue-collar work has been going offshore for decades, but the
digital revolution beginning in the 1990s extended this process to
many parts of the service economy too. Politically controversial
from the beginning, "offshoring" is conventionally seen as a threat
to jobs, wages, and economic security in higher-income
countries-having become synonymous with the dirty work of
globalization. Even though the majority of corporations make some
use of offshore outsourcing, fearful of negative publicity most now
choose to manage these activities in a discreet manner. Partly as a
result, the global sourcing business, now reckoned to be worth more
$120 billion, largely operates under the radar, its ocean-spanning
activities in low-cost labour arbitrage being poorly documented and
poorly understood. Offshore is the first sustained investigation of
the workings of the global sourcing industry, its business
practices, its market dynamics, its technologies, and its politics.
The book traces the complex transformation of the worlds of global
sourcing, from its origins in the new international division of
labour in the 1970s, through the rapid growth of back-office
economies in India and the Philippines since the 1990s, to the
development of "nearshore" markets in Latin America and Eastern
Europe. Recently, this evolving process of geographical and
organizational restructuring has included experiments in
"backshoring" within low-cost, ex-urban locations in the United
States and a wave of software-enabled automation, which threatens
to remove labour from many back offices altogether. In these and
other ways, the offshore revolution continues.
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