Interpreting Complex Forensic DNA Evidence is a handy guide to
recent advances-and emerging issues-in interpreting complex DNA
evidence and profiles for use in criminal investigations. In
certain cases, DNA cannot be connected to a specific biological
material such as blood, semen or saliva. How or when the DNA was
deposited may be an issue. The possibility of generating DNA
profiles from touched objects, where there may not be a visible
deposit, has expanded the scope and number of exhibits submitted
for DNA analysis. With such advances, and increasing improvements
in technological capabilities in testing samples, this means it is
possible to detect ever smaller amounts of DNA. There are also many
efforts underway to seek was to interpret DNA profiles that are
sub-optimal-either relative to the amount required by the testing
kit and, potentially, the quality of the obtained sample.
Laboratories often use enhancements in order to obtain a readable
DNA profile. The broad-reaching implications of improving DNA
sensitivity have led to this next, emerging generation of more
complex profiles. Examples partial profiles that do not faithfully
reflect the proposed donor, or mixtures of partial DNA from
multiple people. A complexity threshold has been proposed to limit
interpretation of poor-quality data. Research is now addressing the
interpretation of transfer of trace amounts of DNA. Complex issues
are arising in trial that need to be reconciled as such complexity
has added challenges to the interpretation of evidence and its
introduction or dismissal in certain cases in the courts. Key
Features: Addresses DNA transfer, from person-to-person as well as
to objects Outlines each stage required to produce a DNA profile
from an exhibit-including collection, handling, storage, and
analysis Discusses ethics, subjectivity, and bias-including
cognitive dissonance-as they relate specifically to complex DNA
evidence Highlights current techniques and the latest advances in
DNA analysis, including advances in familial DNA searches
Interpreting Complex Forensic DNA Evidence provides tools to assist
the criminal investigator, forensic expert, and legal professional
when posed with a DNA result in a forensic report or testimony. The
result-and any associated statistic-may not reveal any ambiguity,
complexity, or the assumptions involved in deriving it. Questions
from resolved criminal cases are posed, and the relevant forensic
literature, provided for the reader to assess a DNA result and any
associated statistic. Case studies throughout illustrate concepts
and emphasize the need for conclusions in the forensic report that
are supported by the data.
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