Most biological reactions and functions occur within a narrow range
of pH. Any changes in the pH have great impacts on the biological
functional at every level, including protein folding, enzymatic
activities and proliferation and cell death. Therefore, maintain
the pH homeostasis at the local or systemic level is one of the
highest priorities for all multicellular organisms. Many redundant
mechanisms are in place to maintain the pH homeostasis, a topic
that is well covered in the scientific literature and medical
textbooks. However, when the pH homeostasis is disrupted in various
physiological adaptations and pathological situations, resulting
acidity may trigger significant pathophysiological events and
modulate disease outcomes. Therefore, understanding how various
cells sense and react to acidity have broad impact in a wide
variety of human diseases, including cancer, stroke, myocardial
infarction and diabetes, renal and infectious diseases. In this
book, many investigators have summarized the molecular genetics on
the detailed mechanisms by which different mammalian cells sense
and response acidity. These chapters cover the acidity with broad
impact in biological understanding and human diseases and review
various sensing mechanism and cellular responses to pH alterations
in both physiological (taste, pain) and pathological settings
(ischemia and cancers). Furthermore, these authors present a broad
spectrum of investigative approaches to cellular response to
acidosis in a in wide variety of human diseases.
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