In a ground-breaking series of articles, one of them written by a
Nobel Laureate, this volume demonstrates the evolutionary dynamic
and the transformation of today's democratic societies into
scientific-democratic societies. It highlights the progress of
modeling individual and societal evaluation by neo-Bayesian utility
theory. It shows how social learning and collective opinion
formation work, and how democracies cope with randomness caused by
randomizers. Nonlinear evolution equations' and serial stochastic
matrices of evolutionary game theory allow us to optimally compute
possible serial evolutionary solutions of societal conflicts. But
in democracies progress can be defined as any positive, gradual,
innovative and creative change of culturally used, transmitted and
stored mentifacts (models, theories), sociofacts (customs,
opinions), artifacts and technifacts, within and across
generations. The most important changes are caused, besides
randomness, by conflict solutions and their realizations by
citizens who follow democratic laws. These laws correspond to the
extended Pareto principle, a supreme, socioethical democratic rule.
According to this principle, progress is any increase in the
individual and collective welfare which is achieved during any
evolutionary progress. Central to evolutionary modeling is the
criterion of the empirical realization of computed solutions.
Applied to serial conflict solutions (decisions), evolutionary
trajectories are formed; they become the most influential causal
attractors of the channeling of societal evolution. Democratic
constitutions, legal systems etc., store all advantageous, present
and past, adaptive, competitive, cooperative and collective
solutions and their rules; they have been accepted by majority
votes. Societal laws are codes of statutes (default or statistical
rules), and they serve to optimally solve societal conflicts, in
analogy to game theoretical models or to statistical decision
theory. Such solutions become necessary when we face harmful or
advantageous random events always lurking at the edge of societal
and external chaos. The evolutionary theory of societal evolution
in democracies presents a new type of stochastic theory; it is
based on default rules and stresses realization. The rules
represent the change of our democracies into information, science
and technology-based societies; they will revolutionize social
sciences, especially economics. Their methods have already found
their way into neural brain physiology and research into
intelligence. In this book, neural activity and the creativity of
human thinking are no longer regarded as linear-deductive. Only
evolutive nonlinear thinking can include multiple causal choices by
many individuals and the risks of internal and external randomness;
this serves the increasing welfare of all individuals and society
as a whole. Evolution and Progress in Democracies is relevant for
social scientists, economists, evolution theorists, statisticians,
philosophers, philosophers of science, and interdisciplinary
researchers.
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