Although super-critial fluid (SCF) technology is now widely used in
extraction and purification processes (in the petrochemical, food
and pharmaceuticals industries), this book is the first to address
the new application of cleaning. The objective is to provide a
roadmap for readers who want to know whether SCF technology can
meet their own processing and cleaning needs. It is particularly
helpful to those striving to balance the requirements for a clean
product and a clean environment. The interdisciplinary subject
matter will appeal to scientists and engineers in all specialties
ranging from materials and polymer sciences to chemistry and
physics. It is also useful to those developing new processes for
other applications, and references given at the end of each chapter
provide links to the wider body of SCF literature.
The book is organized with topics progressing from the
fundamental nature of the supercritical state, through process
conditions and materials interactions, to economic considerations.
Practical examples are included to show how the technology has been
successfully applied. The first four chapters consider principles
governing SCF processing, detailing issues such as solubility,
design for cleanability, and the dynamics of particle removal. The
next three chapters discuss surfactants and micro-emulsions, SCF
interaction with polymers, and the use of supercritical carbon
dioxide (CO2) as a cleaning solvent. The closing chapters focus on
more practical considerations such as scale-up, equipment costs,
and financial analysis.
Many contributors to this book belong to the "Joint Association
for the Advancement of SCF Technology" (JAAST). A primary
motivation for theformation of JAAST was the growing worldwide need
to replace ozone-depleting compounds (ODCs) and smog-forming
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in manufacturing processes.
Although aqueous cleaning has been adopted successfully for many
applications, water is not a panacea and SCF technology has emerged
as a leading alternative.
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