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RNA Interference, Editing, and Modification - Methods and Protocols (Hardcover, 2004 ed.)
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RNA Interference, Editing, and Modification - Methods and Protocols (Hardcover, 2004 ed.)
Series: Methods in Molecular Biology, 265
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Total price: R3,069
Discovery Miles: 30 690
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Two of the more fascinating biological phenomena that have been d-
covered in recent years are RNA editing and RNA interference. Each
of these processes has been found in a cross-section of biological
systems, including mammals, viruses, plants, and a range of model
organisms (C. elegans,Dro- phila, and various lower eukaryotes).
RNA editing, which results in an RNA product different from that
predicted by the genome, occurs through a variety of mechanisms.
Alterations can occur at either the base level, in which one base
is changed to another (substitutional editing/base modification),
or via the addition and/or deletion of nucleotides relative to the
original template (insertion/deletion editing). RNA interference
(RNAi) involves the specific degradation of targeted mRNAs.
Although RNA interference, editing, and modification use different
enzymes and mechanisms, the targets of each of these reactions are
often specified by RNA molecules. Indeed, the discovery of guide
RNAs (gRNAs) that direct nucleotide insertion and deletion in
trypa- some mitochondria set the precedent for subsequent
discoveries of the small nuclear RNAs (snoRNAs) that target
pseudouridylylation and methylation of stable RNAs and the small
double-stranded RNA fragments (siRNAs) that mediate RNAi. Other
small RNAs are known to mediate translational regu- tion during
development (small temporal RNAs [stRNAs]) and mRNA stab- ity
(microRNAs [miRNAs]), and the recent identification of more than a
hundred small "noncoding" RNAs has led to the realization that they
may represent only the proverbial "tip of the iceberg.
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