With this sweeping reinterpretation of early cultural encounters
between the English and American natives, Joyce E. Chaplin
thoroughly alters our historical view of the origins of English
presumptions of racial superiority, and of the role science and
technology played in shaping these notions. By placing the history
of science and medicine at the very center of the story of early
English colonization, Chaplin shows how contemporary European
theories of nature and science dramatically influenced relations
between the English and Indians within the formation of the British
Empire.
In Chaplin's account of the earliest contacts, we find the
English--impressed by the Indians' way with food, tools, and
iron--inclined to consider Indians as partners in the conquest and
control of nature. Only when it came to the Indians' bodies, so
susceptible to disease, were the English confident in their
superiority. Chaplin traces the way in which this tentative notion
of racial inferiority hardened and expanded to include the Indians'
once admirable mental and technical capacities. Here we see how the
English, beginning from a sense of bodily superiority, moved little
by little toward the idea of their mastery over nature, America,
and the Indians--and how this progression is inextricably linked to
the impetus and rationale for empire.
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