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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Cellular biology
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Regulatory Nascent Polypeptides (Hardcover, 2014 ed.)
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Regulatory Nascent Polypeptides (Hardcover, 2014 ed.)
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This book highlights a new paradigm of translation control by
regulatory nascent polypeptides, which is integrated into cellular
regulatory systems. Translation lies in the hub of the central
dogma of biology, in which the genetic information in the forms of
4-letter sentences is translated into 20-letter sentences:
sequences of amino acids that constitute proteins, the functional
molecules of life. The process involves a huge number of chemical
reactions as well as physical movements of the ribosome along a
messenger RNA and takes, on average, tens of seconds in prokaryotes
and a few minutes in eukaryotes. Detailed knowledge about the
progression of translation, called "elongation", only recently
started to accumulate. Newly synthesized and growing polypeptides,
called nascent polypeptides, can interact with the intra-ribosomal
conduit, called the ribosomal exit tunnel, when they have some
specific amino acid sequences, called "an arrest sequence". Such
interaction leads to a halt in the elongation reaction. Resulting
stalling of the ribosome on messenger RNA can affect the secondary
structure and/or localization of the message in the cell,
consequently leading to biological outputs such as elevation or
reduction of a gene product. This book provides a first collection
of knowledge focused on regulatory nascent polypeptides, which have
been studied recently using diverse organisms including bacteria,
plants, and animals. Readers will be impressed by a new paradigm
showing that proteins can function even during the course of their
biosynthesis and that the ribosome, the "factory" of protein
production, interacts with and inspects its products to adjust the
speed of completion of each product. Moreover, regulatory nascent
polypeptides can sense or monitor physiological states of the cell
and modulate its ability to arrest translation. Living organisms
use such intricate control mechanisms of translational speed to
regulate gene expression. This book will be a useful addition for
established scientists while inspiring students and young
scientists to gain deeper insights into the processes of expression
of genetic information.
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