Three-fourths of scientific research in the United States is funded
by special interests. Many of these groups have specific practical
goals, such as developing pharmaceuticals or establishing that a
pollutant causes only minimal harm. For groups with financial
conflicts of interest, their scientific findings often can be
deeply flawed. To uncover and assess these scientific flaws,
award-winning biologist and philosopher of science Kristin
Shrader-Frechette uses the analytical tools of classic philosophy
of science. She identifies and evaluates the concepts, data,
inferences, methods, models, and conclusions of science tainted by
the influence of special interests. As a result, she challenges
accepted scientific findings regarding risks such as chemical
toxins and carcinogens, ionizing radiation, pesticides,
hazardous-waste disposal, development of environmentally sensitive
lands, threats to endangered species, and less-protective standards
for workplace-pollution exposure. In so doing, she dissects the
science on which many contemporary scientific controversies turn.
Demonstrating and advocating "liberation science," she shows how
practical, logical, methodological, and ethical evaluations of
science can both improve its quality and credibility - and protect
people from harm caused by flawed science, such as underestimates
of cancers caused by bovine growth hormones, cell phones, fracking,
or high-voltage wires. This book is both an in-depth look at the
unreliable scientific findings at the root of contemporary debates
in biochemistry, ecology, economics, hydrogeology, physics, and
zoology - and a call to action for scientists, philosophers of
science, and all citizens.
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