2013 Reprint of 1938 Edition. Full facsimile of the original
edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. Kurt
Lewin (1890-1947) was a German-American psychologist, known as one
of the modern pioneers of social, organizational, and applied
psychology. Lewin is often recognized as the "founder of social
psychology" and was one of the first to study group dynamics and
organizational development. Lewin developed the concept of force
field analysis, which provides a framework for looking at the
factors (forces) that influence a situation, originally social
situations. It looks at forces that are either driving movement
toward a goal (helping forces) or blocking movement toward a goal
(hindering forces). The principle, developed by Kurt Lewin, is a
significant contribution to the fields of social science,
psychology, social psychology, organizational development, process
management, and change management. This book is an early effort to
establish the principles of his force field analysis. An attempt is
made to describe the position of the concept of force in psychology
and to discuss major methods of measuring psychological forces. One
of the outstanding properties of force is its directedness.
Direction in psychology cannot be defined as physical direction and
cannot be determined by Euclidian geometry. A geometry applicable
in psychology is that of hodological space. The geometrical
properties of this space are described, and examples of its
application in determining directions and distances in the life
space are offered. The conceptual properties of the construct of
force are given, as well as a definition coordinating it with
observable processes. The conceptual and dynamic relation between
psychological forces, valences, and tensions are discussed, as are
certain basic theories concerning the relation between need,
environment, and the "mechanics" of locomotion. Various methods of
measuring forces and valences are surveyed, especially those
related to opposing forces and to velocity of locomotion, including
velocity and restlessness, consumption, translocation, and
learning. The problem of the structure of the force field and of
overlapping force fields is discussed, including several choice and
conflict situations with stable and labile equilibria.
General
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