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Cellular Osmolytes - From Chaperoning Protein Folding to Clinical Perspectives (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2017)
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Cellular Osmolytes - From Chaperoning Protein Folding to Clinical Perspectives (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2017)
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This book provides essential information on improving protein
folding/stability, which is a result of the balance between the
intra-molecular interactions of protein functional groups and their
interactions with the solvent environment. The protein folding
solvent environment mainly consists of salts, small molecule
compounds, metabolites, molecular chaperones and other chemical
species. Therefore, subtle change in the composition of the
environment will alter the protein folding process. The importance
of the solvent environment in protein folding is precisely due to
the fact that various disease-causing proteopathies can be reversed
by manipulating the solvent environment of the malfolded proteins.
Hostile environmental stresses represent one of the basic causes of
such challenges in protein folding or misfolding. Since cells
commonly encounter extreme environmental fluctuations, it is
crucial that they equip themselves with strategies to circumvent
the hostile environmental conditions. Nature has developed many
strategies to ensure that the complex and challenging protein
folding reaction occurs with adequate efficiency and fidelity for
the success of the organism. Among the strategies employed in a
wide range of species and cell types is the elaboration of small
organic molecules called osmolytes. Additionally, recent advances
have also revealed that certain specific osmolytes might be key
biomarkers of cancer, infectious diseases and vaccine flocculation.
In fact, a large pool of data has been generated regarding their
potential for the therapeutic intervention of neurodegenerative
diseases and other metabolic disorders caused by protein
aggregation or proteostasis failure. Reflecting the multiple
applications of these small molecules in the health and other
industries, this book combines contributions by respected leaders
in the field and will help to inspire college students, basic
researchers, and clinicians to translate these biological roles of
osmolytes into clinical practice. It will also shed light on some
important future prospects of osmolytes like their role as drug
excipients and provide a deeper understanding of their mechanism of
action in the prevention of neuro-degenerative diseases.
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