For many years the reduction of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea
has been a hot issue for mass-media, science, political parties and
environmental action groups with manifold implications related to
fisheries (will the Baltic cod survive?), sustainable coastal
development (have billions of Euros been wasted on nitrogen
reductions?), ecotoxicology (can we safely eat Baltic fish?). This
book takes a holistic process-based ecosystem perspective on the
eutrophication in the Baltic Sea, with a focus on the factors
regulating how the system would respond to changes in nutrient
loading. This includes a very special process for the Baltic Sea:
land uplift. After being depressed by the glacial ice, the land is
now slowly rising adding vast amounts of previously deposited
nutrients and clay particles to the system. 110,000 to 140,000 tons
of phosphorus per year are added to the system from land uplift, in
comparison to the 30,000 tons of phosphorus per year from rivers.
The added clay particles function in ways similar to which clay
particles of benthonite function in the wine industry: namely as a
clarifier. Paradoxically, in spite of the fact that so many
nutrients are added to the system from land uplift, the Baltic Sea
would have an even higher nutrient concentration than at present,
had it not been for the impact of the clay particles from land
uplift. These results motivate a major revision of the outlook and
understanding of the structure and function of the Baltic Sea
ecosystem. The book also presents a remedial strategy aimed at
combating eutrophication in the Baltic Sea which challenges the
accepted remedial strategy.
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