The mid-infrared domain is a promising optical domain because it
holds two transparency atmospheric windows, as well as the
fingerprint of many chemical compounds. Quantum cascade lasers
(QCLs) are one of the available sources in this domain and have
already been proven useful for spectroscopic applications and
free-space communications. This thesis demonstrates how to
implement a private free-space communication relying on
mid-infrared optical chaos and this requires an accurate
cartography of non-linear phenomena in quantum cascade lasers. This
private transmission is made possible by the chaos synchronization
of two twin QCLs. Chaos in QCLs can be generated under optical
injection or external optical feedback. Depending on the parameters
of the optical feedback, QCLs can exhibit several non-linear
phenomena in addition to chaos. Similarities exist between QCLs and
laser diodes when the chaotic dropouts are synchronized with an
external modulation, and this effect is known as the entrainment
phenomenon. With a cross-polarization reinjection technique, QCLs
can generate all-optical square-waves. Eventually, it is possible
to trigger optical extreme events in QCLs with tilted optical
feedback. All these experimental results allow a better
understanding of the non-linear dynamics of QCLs and will extend
the potential applications of this kind of semiconductor lasers.
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