This book presents the current approaches for insect pest control
as a "green" alternative to classical and more toxaic
agrochemicals. An overview of the recent advances in insecticide
chemistry is also included, which will be of interest to a vast
group of researchers - agrochemists, biochemists, chemists and
toxicologists. The combination of both chemical and toxicological
aspects of insecticides is unique and the book includes
contributions from synthetic chemists, entomologists,
environmentalists and toxicologists giving it wide appeal.
Throughout the book, the different approaches that involve "greener
chemicals" are emphasized. The book is divided into 9 chapters,
each considering the state of art of each family of insecticides,
together with future expectations. Each chapter gives a description
of useful biorational insecticides, highlighting
environmentally-friendly processes and then the mode of action is
fully-described, emphasizing selectivity towards targeted species.
Finally, for every family of compounds, their environmental effects
(toxicity, bioaccumulation and metabolism) is considered, comparing
them to classical insecticides, including human and environmental
risk assessments. In addition the formulation, dispersal and
persistence in the environment are covered as key aspects in
developing greener agrochemicals. The book also includes a general
introduction to entomology, with special emphasis on those insects
that act as vectors in the spread of diseases. Insects that may be
potential pests against humans and livestock are included, focusing
on their life cycles, and physiology, as a logical comprehension of
mode of action of insecticides. In addition there is a chapter on
classical insecticides (covering both, approaches prior to the
chemical era, and classical chemical insecticides,
organochlorinated, organophosphorus, and carbamates) for comparison
with current trends in pest control. The negative environmental
effects that such insecticides have caused in nature, such as
poisonings, bioaccumulation or toxic effects are highlighted. It is
hoped that the use of more specific agrochemicals and approaches
may avoid, or at least considerably reduce such severe and
irreversible effects in nature. The insecticides covered are
considered from numerous points of views: chemistry, toxicological
profile, risk assessment, legal status, environmental behaviour and
selectivity. The most important families of currently used
insecticides are covered and critical discussions about future
perspectives are included with frequent comparisons to classical
insecticides. The following topics are covered in the book, as
greener alternatives to classical insecticides: " Pyrethrins and
pyrethroids " Neonicotinoids " Spynosins " Insect growth regulators
" Botanical insecticides " Microbial insecticides " Integrated Pest
Management Programs (IPM)
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