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The Suffering of the Impassible God - The Dialectics of Patristic Thought (Hardcover, New)
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The Suffering of the Impassible God - The Dialectics of Patristic Thought (Hardcover, New)
Series: Oxford Early Christian Studies
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The Suffering of the Impassible God provides a major
reconsideration of the notion of divine impassibility in patristic
thought. The question whether, in what sense, and under what
circumstances suffering may be ascribed to God runs as a golden
thread through such major controversies as Docetism,
Patripassianism, Arianism, and Nestorianism. It is commonly claimed
that in these debates patristic theology fell prey to the
assumption of Hellenistic philosophy about the impassibility of God
and departed from the allegedly biblical view, according to which
God is passible. As a result, patristic theology is presented as
claiming that only the human nature of Christ suffered, while the
divine nature remained unaffected. Paul L. Gavrilyuk argues that
this standard view misrepresents the tradition. In contrast, he
construes the development of patristic thought as a series of
dialectical turning points taken to safeguard the paradox of God's
voluntary suffering in the flesh. For the Fathers the attribute of
divine impassibility functioned in a restricted sense as an
apophatic qualifier of all divine emotions and as an indicator of
God's full and undiminished divinity. The Fathers at the same time
admitted qualified divine passibility of the Son of God within the
framework of the Incarnation. Gavrilyuk shows that the Docetic,
Arian, and Nestorian alternatives represent different attempts at
dissolving the paradox of the Incarnation. These three alternatives
are alike in that they start with the presupposition of God's
unrestricted impassibility: the Docetic view proposes to give up
the reality of Christ's human experiences; the Arian position
sacrifices Christ's undiminished divinity; while the Nestorian
alternative isolates the experiences and sufferings of Christ's
humanity from his Godhead. In contrast to these alternatives, the
mind of the Church succeeded in keeping God's transcendence and
undiminished divinity in tension with God's intimate involvement in
human suffering. It is precisely because God's divinity and
transcendence are never lost in suffering that the Incarnation
becomes a genuine act of divine compassion, capable of transforming
and healing the human condition.
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