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The Logical Must - Wittgenstein on Logic (Hardcover)
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The Logical Must - Wittgenstein on Logic (Hardcover)
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The Logical Must is an examination of Ludwig Wittgenstein's
philosophy of logic, early and late, undertaken from an austere
naturalistic perspective Penelope Maddy has called "Second
Philosophy." The Second Philosopher is a humble but tireless
inquirer who begins her investigation of the world with ordinary
perceptual beliefs, moves from there to empirical generalizations,
then to deliberate experimentation, and eventually to theory
formation and confirmation. She takes this same approach to logical
truth, locating its ground in simple worldly structures and our
knowledge of it in our basic cognitive machinery, tuned by
evolutionary pressures to detect those structures where they occur.
In his early work Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Wittgenstein also
links the logical structure of representation with the structure of
the world, but he includes one key unnaturalistic assumption: that
the sense of our representations must be given prior
to-independently of-facts about how the world is. When that
assumption is removed, the general outlines of the resulting
position come surprisingly close to the Second Philosopher's
roughly empirical account. In his later discussions of logic in
Philosophical Investigations and Remarks on the Foundations of
Mathematics, Wittgenstein also rejects this earlier assumption in
favor of a picture that arises in the wake of the famous
rule-following considerations. Here Wittgenstein and the Second
Philosopher operate in even closer harmony-locating the ground of
our logical practices in our interests, our natural inclinations
and abilities, and very general features of the world-until the
Second Philosopher moves to fill in the account with her empirical
investigations of the world and cognition. At this point,
Wittgenstein balks, but as a matter of personal animosity rather
than philosophical principle.
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