Midway through his reign, in the critical decade of the 1680s,
the lusty image of Louis XIV paled and was replaced by that of a
straitlaced monarch committed to locking up blasphemers, debtors,
gamblers, and prostitutes in wretched, foul-smelling prisons that
dispensed ample doses of Catholic-Reformation virtue. The author
demonstrates how this attack on sin expressed the punitive social
policy of the French Catholic Reformation and how Louis's actions
clarified the legal and moral distinctions between crime and
sin.
As a hot-blooded young prince, Louis XIV paid little attention
to virtue or to sin and, despite his cherished title of God's Most
Christian King, violations of God's Sixth and Ninth Commandments
never troubled him. Indeed, for the first two decades of his reign,
he paraded a stream of royal mistresses before all of Europe and
fathered sixteen illegitimate children. Yet, midway through his
reign, in the critical decade of the 1680s, the lusty image of
Louis XIV paled and was replaced by that of a straitlaced monarch
committed to locking up blasphemers, debtors, gamblers, and
prostitutes in wretched, foul-smelling prisons that dispensed ample
doses of Catholic-Reformation virtue.
Using police and prison archives, administrative correspondence,
memoirs, and letters, Riley describes the formation of Louis's
narrow conscience and his efforts to safeguard his subjects' souls
by attacking sin and infusing his kingdom with virtue, especially
in Paris and at Versailles. Throughout his attack on sin,
women--so-called Soldiers of Satan--were the special targets of the
police. By the seventeenth century, fornication and adultery had
become exclusively female crimes; men guilty of these sins were
rarely punished as severely. Although unsuccessful, Louis's attack
on sin clarified the legal and moral distinctions between crime and
sin as well as the futility of enforcing a religiously inspired
social policy on an irreverent, secular-minded France.
General
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