The historian Polybius (ca. 200 118 BCE) was born into a leading
family of Megalopolis in the Peloponnese (Morea) and served the
Achaean League in arms and diplomacy for many years, favoring
alliance with Rome. From 168 to 151 he was held hostage in Rome,
where he became a friend of Lucius Aemilius Paulus and his two
sons, especially Scipio Aemilianus, whose campaigns, including the
destruction of Carthage, he later attended. Late in his life he
became a trusted mediator between Greece and the Romans; helped in
the discussions that preceded the final war with Carthage; and
after 146 was entrusted by the Romans with the details of
administration in Greece.
Polybius overall theme is how and why the Romans spread their
power as they did. The main part of his history covers the years
264 146 BCE, describing the rise of Rome, her destruction of
Carthage, and her eventual domination of the Greek world. It is a
great work: accurate, thoughtful, largely impartial, based on
research, and full of insight into customs, institutions,
geography, the causes of events, and the character of peoples. It
is a vital achievement of the first importance despite the
incomplete state in which all but the first five of its original
forty books have reached us.
For this edition, W. R. Paton s excellent translation, first
published in 1922, has been thoroughly revised, the Buttner-Wobst
Greek text corrected, and explanatory notes and a new introduction
added, all reflecting the latest scholarship.
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