Cytogenetics is a branch of genetics that is concerned with the
study of the structure and function of the cell, especially the
chromosomes. It includes routine analysis of G-Banded chromosomes,
other cytogenetic banding techniques, as well as molecular
cytogenetics such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and
comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The world has witnessed
extraordinary advances in science over the last few decades.
Biotechnology one such area of growth is a term covering a broad
range of scientific activities used in many sectors, such as food,
health and agriculture. It involves the use of living organisms or
parts of living organisms to provide new methods of production and
the making of new products. Cytogenetics is also defined as the
study of chromosomes and how changes in their structure and number
can relate to disease. Cytogenetic tests are often used in the
diagnosis of genetic diseases and in prenatal diagnosis. The two
major techniques used in cytogenetics are karyotyping and
fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).
General
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