Male sterility is the failure of the male gametes to be produced
viable i.e there is no formation of the viable pollen grains which
carry the male gametes in plants. The pollen grain is
non-functional but the female gametes function normally. It occurs
in nature sporadically, perhaps due to mutation. Male sterility is
also due to environmental factors. Male sterility in crop plants is
classified in the following types (1) Genetic Male Sterility (GMS)
(2) Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CGMS). (3) Temperature-Sensitive
Genetic Male Sterility (TGMS). (4) Chemically-Induced Male
Sterility (CIMS). (5) Photoperiod-Sensitive Genetic Male Sterility
(PGMS). (6) Transgenic Genetic Male Seterility (Tr.GMS). Wheat
improvement by genetic engineering requires the delivery,
integration and expression of defined foreign genes into suitable
regenerable explants. Initial attempts at introducing transgenes
into wheat employed protoplasts as explants due to the absence of
cell walls. Initial steps for genetic transformation involves
delivery of a gene cassette into recipient cells followed by
analysis of the expression of delivered gene.
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