When Hitler assumed power in 1933, he and other Nazis had firm
ideas on what they called a racially pure "community of the
people." They quickly took steps against those whom they wanted to
isolate, deport, or destroy. In these essays informed by the latest
research, leading scholars offer rich histories of the people
branded as "social outsiders" in Nazi Germany: Communists, Jews,
"Gypsies," foreign workers, prostitutes, criminals, homosexuals,
and the homeless, unemployed, and chronically ill. Although many
works have concentrated exclusively on the relationship between
Jews and the Third Reich, this collection also includes
often-overlooked victims of Nazism while reintegrating the
Holocaust into its wider social context.
The Nazis knew what attitudes and values they shared with many
other Germans, and most of their targets were individuals and
groups long regarded as outsiders, nuisances, or "problem cases."
The identification, the treatment, and even the pace of their
persecution of political opponents and social outsiders illustrated
that the Nazis attuned their law-and-order policies to German
society, history, and traditions. Hitler's personal convictions,
Nazi ideology, and what he deemed to be the wishes and hopes of
many people, came together in deciding where it would be
politically most advantageous to begin.
The first essay explores the political strategies used by the
Third Reich to gain support for its ideologies and programs, and
each following essay concentrates on one group of outsiders.
Together the contributions debate the motivations behind the
purges. For example, was the persecution of Jews the direct result
of intense, widespread anti-Semitism, or was it part of a more
encompassing and arbitrary persecution of "unwanted populations"
that intensified with the war? The collection overall offers a
nuanced portrayal of German citizens, showing that many supported
the Third Reich while some tried to resist, and that the war
radicalized social thinking on nearly everyone's part.
In addition to the editors, the contributors are Frank Bajohr,
Omer Bartov, Doris L. Bergen, Richard J. Evans, Henry Friedlander,
Geoffrey J. Giles, Marion A. Kaplan, Sybil H. Milton, Alan E.
Steinweis, Annette F. Timm, and Nikolaus Wachsmann.
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