American prosperity and military superiority cannot be maintained
with the current shortage of scientists with advanced degrees. How
we arrived at this crisis-the embedding of scientific research at
male-dominated universities-is less important than what we do to
redress it. Approximately ten percent of full professors in the
S.T.E.M. disciplines in the United States, and four percent of full
professors in physics and engineering, are women, one of the lowest
rates among highly developed nations. Top scientists with
African-American, Latino, or American Indian ancestry are barely
represented. Ultimately, the solution to this gender imbalance is
to recruit more native-born women and underrepresented minorities
for senior positions in American science. First, we need to attract
more women and minorities to pursue advanced degrees. Equally
important are new tools to evaluate scientists throughout their
careers to replace the unreliable simple count of publications. It
merely measures the number of collaborators of a scientist, where
men have an overwhelming advantage. Drawing primarily on the
literature in program evaluation, the author presents two proposed
metrics that would more accurately represent the research
contributions of women scholars.
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