The 20th century has seen a phenomenal growth in the global
economy and continuous improvement in the standard of living in the
industrialized countries. Sustainable development has become an
ideal target in recent years and in the early 1990s the concept of
"Green chemistry" was launched in the USA as a new paradigm, and
since 1993 it has been promoted by the National Science Foundation
(NSF) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The success of
the pharmaceutical industry is, in large part, due to the towering
achievement of organic chemistry, a mature science which emerged as
a distinct discipline well over 150 years ago, however this has
been both a blessing and a curse. Many of our most reliable
strategies for assembling target molecules employ reactions which
are fifty to one hundred years old and are often named in honour of
their discoverers. During these early years, the chronic
toxicological properties of chemicals were often completely unknown
and many unwittingly became indispensable tools of the trade. Early
pioneers in green chemistry included Trost (who developed the atom
economy principle) and Sheldon (who developed the E-Factor). These
measures were introduced to encourage the use of more sustainable
chemistry and provide some benchmarking data to encourage
scientists to aspire to more benign synthesis. Green chemistry is
essentially the design of chemical processes and procedures that
reduce or eliminate the use, or the generation, of hazardous
substances. Green chemistry is a growing area of research and an
increasing number of researchers are now involved in this field.
The number of publications has dramatically increased and new
recognition of advances made is necessary with respect to other
research areas. The synthesis of "Fine Chemicals" represents one of
the main goals in organic synthesis and this new book extensively
examines the main processes and procedures for their preparation
under eco-friendly conditions.
The book is a collection of selected research topics delivered
by scientists involved in some of the more prominent fields of
green chemistry. It is devoted to the synthesis of fine chemicals
by the use of alternative eco-friendly solvents (ionic liquids,
polyethylene glycol, water, etc.), supported organic catalysis,
microwave irradiation or high pressure as contributors to more
efficient processes, photochemistry as a green procedure and
solvent-free processes. Each chapter gives an introduction to the
various methods or procedures and their contribution to green
chemistry and a variety of the most representative examples of the
eco-friendly synthesis of fine chemicals are reported and
discussed. In addition, there is a chapter dedicated to the
application of simple reaction to the synthesis of complex
molecules.The chapters are all written by authors who are experts
in their field and are exhaustively referenced and the book will be
invaluable for researchers and industrialists as well as
academia.
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