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Endometrial Cancer - Current Epidemiology, Detection & Management (Hardcover)
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Endometrial Cancer - Current Epidemiology, Detection & Management (Hardcover)
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Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female
reproductive system, with more than 49,500 United States women that
are diagnosed with the disease each year. It tends to develop after
menopause, when a woman is between the ages of 50 and 60. It is the
sixth most common cancer in women worldwide (fourteenth most common
cancer overall), with 320,000 new cases diagnosed in 2012, and it
is the 13th most common cause of death from cancer with nearly
86,000 deaths worldwide. Endometrial cancer occurs when cells of
the endometrium undergo a transformation and begin to grow and
multiply without the control mechanisms that normally limit their
growth. As the cells grow and multiply, they form the cancerous
lesion. Cancerous tumors may encroach on and invade neighboring
organs or lymph nodes, or they may enter the bloodstream and spread
to the bones or distant organs, such as the lungs. This process is
called metastasis. Metastatic tumors are the most aggressive and
serious of all tumors. Two main types of endometrial cancers exist.
Nearly all endometrial cancers are endometrial adenocarcinomas, as
they originate from glandular (secreting) tissue. The other type of
endometrial cancer, uterine sarcomas, originates in the connective
tissue or muscle of the uterus. A subtype of endometrial
adenocarcinomas, adenosquamous carcinoma, includes squamous cells
(that is, the type of cells found on the surface of the skin and
cervix). Other subtypes of endometrial adenocarcinomas are
papillary serous adenocarcinomas and clear cell carcinomas.
Multidisciplinary teams of experts including specialists in medical
oncology, gynecologic oncology, radiology, urology, radiotherapy,
and surgery are essential to utilize sophisticated imaging and
laboratory tests, to confirm the diagnosis and identify the
characteristics of the tumor. They all work together to determine
the best treatment approach for the patient. Recent progress in the
development of new surgical techniques has transformed the
treatment of uterine cancer, resulting in greater surgical
precision and fewer complications. In addition, targeted adjuvant
therapy has become useful in improving the oncologic outcome of
patients with this disease.
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