Elements of Fractional Distillation By CLARK SHOVE ROBINSON AND
EDWIN RICHARD GLLLILAND. PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION: This book
and the early revisions were the result of the efforts of Professor
Robinson, and he took an active part in guiding the revision of the
previous edition. His death made it necessary to prepare this
edition without his helpful guidance and counsel. The present
revision differs extensively from the previous edition. The
material has been modified to bring it more closely into line with
the graduate instruction in distillation at Massachusetts Institute
of Technology. Much greater emphasis has been placed on the
measurement, prediction, and use of vapor-liquid equilibria because
it is believed that this is one of the most serious limitations in
design calculations. Greater emphasis has also been placed upon the
use of enthalpy balances, and the treatment of batch distillation
has been considerably expanded. Unfortunately, the design
calculations for this type of operation are still in an
unsatisfactory status. Azeotropic and extractive distillation are
considered as an extension of conventional multicomponent problems.
The sections on column design and column performance have been
completely rewritten and increased in scope. In all cases
quantitative examples have been given because it has been found
that this greatly aids the student in understanding descriptive
material. During the last 15 years a large number of design methods
have been proposed for multicomponent mixtures, some of which are
reviewed in Chapter 12. Most of these do not appear to offer any
great advantage over the conventional Sorel method, and it is
believed that the law of diminishingreturns has been applying in
this field for some time. It is hoped that the present edition will
stimulate some of these investigators to transfer their efforts to
more critical problems, such as vapor-liquid equilibria, batch
distillation, transient conditions within the distillation system,
and column performance. EDWIN RICHARD GILLILAND CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
July, 1960. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION: The subject of fractional
distillation has received but scant attention from, writers in the
English language since Sidney Young published his book Fractional
Distillation in 1903 London. French and German authors have, on the
other hand, produced a number of books on the subject, among the
more important of which are the following La Rectification et les
colonnes rectificatriccs en distillerie, E. Barbet, Paris, 1890 2d
ed., 1895. Der Wirkungsweise der Rcctificir und Destillir Apparate,
E. Hausbrand, Berlin, 1893 3d ed., 1910. Theorie der Verdampfimg
und Verfliissung von gemischcn und der fraktionierten Destination,
J. P. Kuenen, Leipzig, 1906. Theorie der Gewinnung und Trennung der
atherischen Olc durch Destination, C. von Rechenberg, Leipzig,
1910. La Distillation fractione e et la rectification, Charles
Manlier, Paris, 1917. Youngs Fractional Distillation, although a
model for its kind, has to do almost entirely with the aspects of
the subject as viewed from the chemical laboratory, and there has
been literally no work in English available for the engineer and
plant operator dealing with the applications of the laboratory
processes to the plant. The use of the modern types of distilling
equipment is growing at a very rapid rate. Manufacturers of
chemicals are learning that they must refinetheir products in order
to market them successfully, and it is often true that fractional
distillation offers the most available if not the only way of
accomplishing this...
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