Elements of Fractional Distillation BY CLARK SHOVE ROBINSON AND
EDWIN RICHARD GLLLILAND Revised and Rewritten t y EDWIN RICHARD
GILT. II. ANO Professor of Chemical Engineering Afassachusetts
Institute of Technology FOURTH EDITION SKCOND McGRAW-HILL BOOK
COMPANY, INC. NKW YORK TORONTO LONDON 1950 PREFACE TO THE FOURTH
EDITION of-this book and the early revisions were the result of the
efforts of Professor Robinson, and he took an active part in
guiding the revision of the previous edition. His death t made it
necessary to prepare this edition without his helpful guidance and
counsel. The present revision differs extensively from the previous
edition. The material has been modified to bring it more closely
into line with the graduate instruction in distillation at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Much greater emphasis has
been placed on the measurement, prediction, and use of vapor-liquid
equilibria because it is believed that this is one of the most
serious limitations in design calculations. Greater emphasis has
also been placed upon the use of enthalpy balances, and the
treatment of batch distillation has been considerably expanded.
Unfortunately, the design calculations for this type of operation
are still in an unsatisfactory status. Azeotropic and extractive
distillation are considered as an extension of conventional
multicomponent problems. The sections on column design and column
performance have been completely rewritten and increased in scope.
In all cases quantitative examples have been given because it has
been found that this greatly aids the student in understanding
descriptive material. During the last 15 years a large number of
design methods have been proposed formulticomponent mixtures, some
of which are reviewed in Chapter 12. Most of these do not appear to
offer any great advantage over the conventional Sorel method, and
it is believed that the law of diminishing returns has been
applying in this field for some time. It is hoped that the present
edition will stimulate some of these investigators to transfer
their efforts to more critical problems, such as vapor-liquid
equilibria, batch distillation, transient conditions within the
distillation system, and column performance. EDWIN RICHARD
GILLILAND CAMBRIDGE, MASS. July, 1960 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
The subject of fractional distillation has received but scant
attention from, writers in the English language since Sidney Young
published his book Fractional Distillation in 1903 London. French
and German authors have, on the other hand, produced a number of
books on the subject, among the more important of which are the
following La Rectification et les colonnes rectificatriccs en
distillerie, E. Barbet, Paris, 1890 2d ed., 1895. Der Wirkungsweise
der Rcctificir und Destillir Apparate, E. Hausbrand, Berlin, 1893
3d ed., 1910. Theorie der Verdampfimg und Verfliissung von
gemischcn und der fraktionierten Destination, J. P. Kuenen,
Leipzig, 1906. Theorie der Gewinnung und Trennung der atherischen
Olc durch Destination, C. von Rechenberg, Leipzig, 1910. La
Distillation fractione e et la rectification, Charles Manlier,
Paris, 1917. Youngs Fractional Distillation, although a model for
its kind, has to do almost entirely with the aspects of the subject
as viewed from the chemical laboratory, and there has been
literally no work in English available for the engineer and plant
operator dealing withthe applications of the laboratory processes
to the plant. The use of the modern types of distilling equipment
is growing at a very rapid rate. Manufacturers of chemicals are
learning that they must refine their products in order to market
them successfully, and it is often true that fractional
distillation offers the most available if not the only way of
accomplishing this...
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