Due to the consequences of globa l warming and significant
greenhouse gas emissions, several ideas have been studied to reduce
these emissions or to suggest solut ions for pollutant remov al.
The most promising ideas are reduced consumption, waste recovery
and waste treatment by biological systems. In this latter category,
studies have demonstrated that the use of microalgae is a very
promising solution for the biofixation of carbon dioxide. In fact,
these micro-organisms are able to offset high levels of CO2 thanks
to photosynthesis. Microalgae are also used in various fields (food
industry, fertilizers, biofuel, etc.). To obtain a n optimal C O2
sequestration us ing micr oal gae, their cul tivatio n has to be c
arried ou t in a f avorable e nvironment, corresponding to optimal
operating conditions (temperature, nutrients, pH, light, etc.).
Therefore, microalgae are grown in an enclosure, i.e.
photobioreactors, which notably operate in continuous mode. This
type of closed reactor notably enables us to reduce culture
contamination, to improve CO2 transfer and to better control the
cultivation system. This last point involves the regulation of
concentrations (biomass, substrate or by-product) in addition to
conventional regulations (pH, temperature). To do this, we have to
establish a model of the system and to identify its parameters; to
put in place estimators in order to rebuild variables that are not
measured online (software sensor); and finally to implement a
control law, in order to maintain the system in optimal conditions
despite modeling errors and environmental disturbances that can
have an influence on the system (pH variations, temperature, light,
biofilm appearance, etc.).
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