Confronting an ecological crisis in 1860, French officials
initiated an unprecedented policy of alpine reforestation. The
Alps, Pyrenees, and Massif Central mountains were fragile and
degraded, scientific experts determined, and the salvation of the
mountains (for the benefit of lowland farmers and urban areas)
would require watershed restorations and reduced access to forest
and pasture for alpine peasants. This book is an environmental and
political history of the disputes over the uses of mountains and
forests in France from the mid-nineteenth century to the eve of
World War II.
Grounded in detailed case studies of two highland communities --
Jarrier in Savoie and Massat in Ariege -- the book sheds new light
on one of the most pronounced conflicts between upland peasants and
the state in modern France. Whited argues that the state did not
push aside seemingly marginal people in a quick, decisive move
justified by the imperatives of modernization. Instead, protesting
peasants employed an increasingly flexible arsenal of political
responses that forced the state to backtrack and compromise.
General
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