A comprehensive and detailed study on the scaling potential of
calcium carbonate in seawater reverse osmosis systems (SWRO), this
book provides a new approach for calculating the degree of
supersaturation and the pH of the SWRO systems concentrates with
the assistance of the feed-water pH and the inorganic carbon
constituents. Furthermore, the book highlights the weakness in the
present supersaturation indices and membrane manufacturers
programs. Finally, the research suggested that SWRO concentrate is
much lower undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate than
previously thought. This was confirmed by comprehensive pilot
testing where acids and antiscalants used to prevent calcium
carbonate scaling were completely eliminated from the pilot plant.
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