The Ural river, the third longest river in Europe, is a unique
ecosystem. Unlike other large European rivers the river has not
been regulated and the natural hydrological regime is still intact.
Thanks to that it has the only remaining spawning habitats in the
entire Caspian basin for all sturgeon species. Nevertheless, this
fact is not well known to the broader scientific and environmental
communities.
The Ural river is also an interesting place due to its rich
history of sustainable use of aquatic resources in general and
sturgeons in particular. The traditional life style of the local
communities, Ural Cossacks, was focused on the preservation and
rational use of sturgeon species. This interesting experience of
sustainable river-related management is not adequately reported in
literature.
To secure further Ural sturgeon preservation the river basin
ecosystem and human activities in the region must be managed in an
integrated sustainable manner. The sturgeon species can be used as
a natural indicator and an incentive for such transboundary IWRM
cooperation taking into account all three components of sustainable
development: economic, social and environmental. To secure basin
IWRM and sturgeon stock restoration the International Ural Sturgeon
Park should be established. The role of the Park will be to secure
the natural reproduction in the Ural as the primary strategy for
the sturgeon stock replenishment. The Ural River Basin Project,
which aims at the creation of such a Park, was launched in 2007.
This volume is devoted to the uniqueness, history and problems of
the Ural river basin, its sturgeons and perspectives of their
conservation.
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