Japanese industry is the envy of the world for its efficient and
humane management practices. Yet, as William Tsutsui argues, the
origins and implications of "Japanese-style management" are poorly
understood. Contrary to widespread belief, Japan's acclaimed
strategies are not particularly novel or even especially
Japanese.
Tsutsui traces the roots of these practices to Scientific
Management, or Taylorism, an American concept that arrived in Japan
at the turn of the century. During subsequent decades, this
imported model was embraced--and ultimately transformed--in Japan's
industrial workshops. Imitation gave rise to innovation as Japanese
managers sought a "revised" Taylorism that combined mechanistic
efficiency with respect for the humanity of labor.
Tsutsui's groundbreaking study charts Taylorism's Japanese
incarnation, from the "efficiency movement" of the 1920s, through
Depression-era "rationalization" and wartime mobilization, up to
postwar "productivity" drives and quality-control campaigns.
Taylorism became more than a management tool; its spread beyond the
factory was a potent intellectual template in debates over economic
growth, social policy, and political authority in modern Japan.
Tsutsui's historical and comparative perspectives reveal the
centrality of Japanese Taylorism to ongoing discussions of Japan's
government-industry relations and the evolution of Fordist mass
production. He compels us to rethink what implications
Japanese-style management has for Western industries, as well as
the future of Japan itself.
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