An in-depth discussion of the teaching of English as home language in grades 1, 2 and 3, as described by the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) of 2011. Focuses on the practical side, with a strong research foundation that will enhance knowledge of literacy and how to teach it. Includes assessment of each language skill and a wealth of examples. Aimed at educators in search of basic and new ideas for the teaching of English as home language or as first additional language in the foundation phase; parents doing home schooling, and lecturers and students of the foundation phase at tertiary level.

Uses of disability in literature are often problematic and harmful to disabled people. This is also true, of course, in children's and young adult literature, but interestingly, when disability is paired and confused with adolescence in narratives, interesting, complex arcs often arise. In From Wallflowers to Bulletproof Families: The Power of Disability in Young Adult Narratives, author Abbye E. Meyer examines different ways authors use and portray disability in literature. She demonstrates how narratives about and for young adults differ from the norm. With a distinctive young adult voice based in disability, these narratives allow for readings that conflate and complicate both adolescence and disability. Throughout, Meyer examines common representations of disability and more importantly, the ways that young adult narratives expose these tropes and explicitly challenge harmful messages they might otherwise reinforce. She illustrates how two-dimensional characters allow literary metaphors to work, while forcing texts to ignore reality and reinforce the assumption that disability is a problem to be fixed. She sifts the freak characters, often marked as disabled, and she reclaims the derided genre of problem novels arguing they empower disabled characters and introduce the goals of disability-rights movements. The analysis offered expands to include narratives in other media: nonfiction essays and memoirs, songs, television series, films, and digital narratives. These contemporary works, affected by digital media, combine elements of literary criticism, narrative expression, disability theory, and political activism to create and represent the solidarity of family-like communities.

This volume contributes to the literature on the sociology of organizations and management, especially to sociological institutionalism, by attempting to fill an important gap in institutional research. Our starting point is the conviction that organizational institutionalims is the conceptual and empirical venue to study ideology, both in its symbolic and material dimension and this volume represents an effort to refocus and revitalize these issues. The ten chapters of this volume engage directly and critical with several North American and European institutional traditions. Apart from organizational institutionalism's own classic and current research, they draw on a wide variety of theoretical legacies to make sense of the relationship between institutions and ideology: Weber, Foucault, Heidegger, Bourdieu, Archer, Wuthnow, critical discourse analysis, or Kuhn's discussion of paradigm shifts as ideological changes. Empirical areas covered range from technology and software development, the brewing industry, custodial facilities to the organization of birthing.

Foreign investment has surged across emerging markets. This unique comparative study presents the first systematic evidence on the entry mode, business environment and their interrelationships in emerging markets. It integrates strategic management and economic policy analysis, and provides new insights for both business managers and government policymakers. The book investigates foreign direct investment (FDI) strategies in four important emerging economies: Egypt, India, South Africa and Vietnam. These countries liberalized their economies in the 1990s with the intention of attracting greater FDI inflows. This book assesses whether they have been successful in achieving this goal. The authors adopt a comparative perspective, and use a large enterprise survey plus three individual case studies in each country. They investigate the strategies of foreign direct investors, focusing on the relationship between the investment climate, the mode of entry (acquisition, greenfield or joint venture), company performance, and spillovers to the host economy. The book outlines how the interactions between international businesses and the local policy environment influence the entry strategies of firms. Academics and researchers with an interest in international business, emerging markets, economic development and strategic management will find this book informative and insightful.

First Published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Since 1995, the noncontact atomic force microscope (NC-AFM) has achieved remarkable progress. Based on nanomechanical methods, the NC-AFM detects the weak attractive force between the tip of a cantilever and a sample surface. This method has the following characteristics: it has true atomic resolution; it can measure atomic force interactions, i.e. it can be used in so-called atomic force spectroscopy (AFS); it can also be used to study insulators; and it can measure mechanical responses such as elastic deformation. This is the first book that deals with all of the emerging NC-AFM issues.

For more than a century, the corporation has shaped our thinking of organizations. This deeply institutionalized form is still regarded as both the iconic business organization and the core structural unit of our economic order. Today, however, it stands at a crossroads. Economic, social, and environmental failures of the recent past as well as misconduct and scandals are widely associated with deficits of the corporate form and its governance. The Corporation engages with current issues of the corporation as an institutionalized organizational form, approaching the concept from the backgrounds of organization theory, law, and economics, combining different theoretical views and empirical approaches. This volume addresses the corporation's entanglement with capitalism, examines a spectrum of constitutive features and purposes of the corporate form, offers historical perspectives on its emergence, and provides reflections on its future development. Encouraging you to rethink the corporation, each contribution also adds to the conceptual development of the corporate form as the iconic business organization.

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) invest in a variety of host economies, and closely interact with local businesses and society at large. This role has become the focus of policy debates of all sorts, as MNEs are seen as a primary conduit of globalization, thus spreading both its benefits and its negative side effects.This selection offers an interdisciplinary perspective on MNEs and host economies. Theoretical models are provided by economics research, yet some of the more subtle and complex forms of impact are hard to analyse using economics methodologies. A range of other disciplines such as management, sociology and ethics thus contribute to the discussion of these wider issues. The articles in this collection cover theoretical and empirical studies on the horizontal and vertical impact on local firms, to issues of labour standards and the natural environment, and normative issues.

Arthur L. Guptill's classic Rendering in Pen and Ink has long been regarded as the most comprehensive book ever published on the subject of ink drawing. This is a book designed to delight and instruct anyone who draws with pen and ink, from the professional artist to the amateur and hobbyist. It is of particular interest to architects, interior designers, landscape architects, industrial designers, illustrators, and renderers. Contents include a review of materials and tools of rendering; handling the pen and building tones; value studies; kinds of outline and their uses; drawing objects in light and shade; handling groups of objects; basic principles of composition; using photographs, study of the work of well-known artists; on-the-spot sketching; representing trees and other landscape features; drawing architectural details; methods of architectural rendering; examination of outstanding examples of architectural rendering; solving perspective and other rendering problems; handling interiors and their accessories; and finally, special methods of working with pen including its use in combination with other media. The book is profusely illustrated with over 300 drawings that include the work of famous illustrators and renderers of architectural subjects such as Rockwell Kent, Charles Dana Gibson, James Montgomery Flagg, Willy Pogany, Reginald Birch, Harry Clarke, Edward Penfield, Joseph Clement Coll, F.L. Griggs, Samuel V. Chamberlain, Louis C. Rosenberg, John Floyd Yewell, Chester B. Price, Robert Lockwood, Ernest C. Peixotto, Harry C. Wilkinson, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, and Birch Burdette Long. Best of all, Arthur Guptill enriches the text with drawings of his own.

This volume contains the proceedin,r. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Forces in Scanning Probe Methods which was CG-sponsered and organized by the "Forum fUr N anowissenschaften". The conference was held in Schluchsee in the south- em Black Forest (Germany) from March 7-18, 1994. 30 invited lecturers giving tuto- rial talks of historical and recent research activities and about 100 contributed, oral and poster presentations from 130 people participating, created a very active and lestimulating, lively atmosphere. The inventions of scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy and near field optical microsocopy opened a new field of research, called scanning probe meth- ods (SPM). During the last decade, the quality of image acquisition made tremendous progress due to advanced data acquisition systems, low noise electronics and suitable mechan- ical and micromechanical constructions. However, a lot of fundamental, unsolved questions about the interaction between probing tip and sample remain. This vol- ume contains 60 contributions dedicated to these problems. Most of the articles are review articles presenting. condensed and relevant information in a way suitable for both students and specialists. Topics that are covered are instrumental aspects, de- signs of force microscopes in various environments, such as ambient pressure, low temperature, ultrahip vacuum and liquids. An important part of the workshop was dedicated to theory, Including all initio calculations and molecular dynamics simula- tions. Mechanical properties, such as adhesion, friction and wear, on the micrometer and nanometer scale were also treated intensively.

Over the past 25 years, the field of innovation, entrepreneurship and commercialization has reached a critical mass and maturity. It is not only possible but also essential to scale it so that an immense amount of untapped human innovative potential can be unleashed for the benefit of our people. Further, R&D centers and existing entrepreneurial ecosystems can be made more impactful. Firstly, this book succinctly identifies the entire field of innovation into one comprehensive and meaningful framework to help understand its evolution, incremental growth, super acceleration, and exponential explosion that has resulted in an innovation log jam. Secondly, it maps out common characteristics and approaches that make innovation, venture capital and investments into startups succeed much better. And, last, but not the least, it outlines measures to commercialize them in a massive way and "industrialize" innovation going forward including creating next generation 'Innovation Hubs'.

Assumptions and institutions that we have taken for granted for fifty years are proving inadequate for the world now emerging. Moreover, mono-casual explanations of rapid global change do not work. Religious as well as economic dynamics, cultural as well as political forces, environmental as well as military constraints, are frequently working at cross-purposes in shaping a globe we cannot yet fathom. The essays in this volume reach beyond the mere description of phenomena to explore deeper currents of institutional breakdown and competing cultural drives that are radically reshaping our world. Covering topics ranging from the New Silk Road to changes in school governance around the world, the authors offer a critical, historically-informed assessment of the diverse dynamics that are undermining or nullifying current paradigms of thought and action. Drawing on their diverse backgrounds in economics, international affairs, ethics, history, education, and religion, the authors share the conviction that long-standing assumptions about a state-centered, secular-tending, economically converging world are in large measure mistaken. A paradigm shift is required if we are to understand and constructively shape the twenty-first century world.

First published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

A groundbreaking book detailing the unique issues experienced by adult children who grew up with a sexually addicted parent and offering a path to unburden their shameful legacy and embrace sexuality and intimacy without the intrusion or constraints from the past. Adult children who grew up with a parent who had a sexual addiction are left confused, ashamed, and mistrustful regarding the feelings and boundaries surrounding sex, love, and intimacy. Due to the inappropriate sexual behavior of one parent, and the subsequent impact of betrayal on the other parent, these adults carry sexual secrets, have divided loyalties, and are often caught in the middle of their parents' struggles. Having witnessed (or known of) affairs, walked in on a parent masturbating or viewing pornography, received extreme or shameful messages regarding sexuality or gender, experienced sexualized remarks about their bodies, been neglected as a result of the addiction, or were modeled extreme moral values (either too permissive or shaming), these adult children of sex addicts (ACSAs) struggle with their sexuality and longings for love. ACSAs have not had their stories told in any significant way in the recovery literature. Intergenerational trauma is transmitted through the legacy of carried sexual shame-the burden of which is not theirs. Their shame and struggle has often been wedged under various umbrellas of identification: adult children of alcoholics, love avoidant, codependent, sex addict, love addict, and others. A Light in the Dark offers hope for unburdening ACSAs by sharing the experiences of others, as well as examining the characteristics, roles and recovery that point toward the freedom and joy they rightfully deserve.

For nearly two decades, emerging markets have been a primary source of growth in the world economy. They have become more international and compete more extensively with companies in developed countries. For these reasons, an understanding of managing businesses in emerging markets is a fundamental skill for competing in the twenty-first century. The Oxford Handbook of Management in Emerging Markets identifies key elements of the business systems and competition in emerging markets around the world, and then looks at competitive strategies of companies going into and coming out of these countries. While business is business, the handbook's focus is on how management differs depending on the different environmental characteristics in emerging markets, such as the role of the government, the potential weakness of infrastructure, and the skill and innovation bases available locally in emerging markets, among other elements. The volume is organized into five sections. The first section establishes conceptual perspectives for exploring the current business environment in emerging markets. The second section focuses on questions surrounding governance and markets. The third explores multinational enterprises (MNEs) in emerging economies, while the fourth section looks at local firms and emerging market MNEs. The fifth and final section looks at management in emerging markets within specific countries and regions around the world. This handbook is a vital resource for scholars, students, and managers looking to expand into emerging economies by providing comprehensive analyses of functional areas from human resources to finance to marketing, and on issues such as family businesses, state-owned enterprises, and the bottom of the pyramid.

Die title behandel die onderrig van Afrikaans as huistaal in Graad 1, 2 en 3 soos beskryf in die Hersiene Nasionale Kurrikulumverklaring (HNKV) binne die raamwerk van uitkomsgerigte onderwys (UGO). Die title bevat ook inligting vir die onderrig van Graad R. Die onderrig van luister, praat, lees en kyk, skryf, dink en redeneer asook taalstruktuur en -gebruik word breedvoerig bespreek en praktiese idees word gegee.

This Element reviews the first 120 years of organization theory, examining its development from the sociology of organizations and management theory. It is initially organized around two streams of thought. The first is found in political economy and the sociology of organizations, with an emphasis on understanding the new organizations that arose in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The second derives from practitioner-scholars, whose aim was to provide theories and approaches to managing these new organizations. The Element then shows how each of the streams of understanding and managing came together to produce organization theory. In doing this, it also describes how the institutional frameworks in academic associations, academic centres and journals came out of these approaches and how they strengthened the development of organization theory.

Numbering with colors is tutorial in nature, with many practical examples given throughout the presentation. It is heavily illustrated with gray-scale images, but also included is an 8-page signature of 4-color illustrations to support the presentation. While the organization is somewhat similar to that found in "The Data Handbook," there is little overlap with the content material in that publication. The first section in the book discusses Color Physics, Physiology and Psychology, talking about the details of the eye, the visual pathway, and how the brain converts colors into perceptions of hues. This is followed by the second section, in which Color Technologies are explained, i.e. how we describe colors using the CIE diagram, and how colors can be reproduced using various technologies such as offset printing and video screens. The third section of the book, Using Colors, relates how scientists and engineers can use color to help gain insight into their data sets through true color, false color, and pseudocolor imaging.

Since 1995, the noncontact atomic force microscope (NC-AFM) has achieved remarkable progress. Based on nanomechanical methods, the NC-AFM detects the weak attractive force between the tip of a cantilever and a sample surface. This method has the following characteristics: it has true atomic resolution; it can measure atomic force interactions, i.e. it can be used in so-called atomic force spectroscopy (AFS); it can also be used to study insulators; and it can measure mechanical responses such as elastic deformation. This is the first book that deals with all of the emerging NC-AFM issues.

This volume contains the proceedin,r. of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Forces in Scanning Probe Methods which was CG-sponsered and organized by the "Forum fUr N anowissenschaften". The conference was held in Schluchsee in the south- em Black Forest (Germany) from March 7-18, 1994. 30 invited lecturers giving tuto- rial talks of historical and recent research activities and about 100 contributed, oral and poster presentations from 130 people participating, created a very active and lestimulating, lively atmosphere. The inventions of scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy and near field optical microsocopy opened a new field of research, called scanning probe meth- ods (SPM). During the last decade, the quality of image acquisition made tremendous progress due to advanced data acquisition systems, low noise electronics and suitable mechan- ical and micromechanical constructions. However, a lot of fundamental, unsolved questions about the interaction between probing tip and sample remain. This vol- ume contains 60 contributions dedicated to these problems. Most of the articles are review articles presenting. condensed and relevant information in a way suitable for both students and specialists. Topics that are covered are instrumental aspects, de- signs of force microscopes in various environments, such as ambient pressure, low temperature, ultrahip vacuum and liquids. An important part of the workshop was dedicated to theory, Including all initio calculations and molecular dynamics simula- tions. Mechanical properties, such as adhesion, friction and wear, on the micrometer and nanometer scale were also treated intensively.

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy II, like its predecessor, presents detailed and comprehensive accounts of the basic principles and broad range of applications of STM and related scanning probe techniques. The applications discussed in this volume come predominantly from the fields of electrochemistry and biology. In contrast to those described in Vol. I, these sudies may be performed in air and in liquids. The extensions of the basic technique to map other interactions are described inchapters on scanning force microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, scanning near-field optical microscopy, together with a survey of other related techniques. Also described here is the use of a scanning proximal probe for surface modification. Togehter, the two volumes give a comprehensive account of experimental aspcets of STM. They provide essentialreading and reference material for all students and researchers involvedin this field.

Alzheimer's disease afflicts up to 1 in 5 people over the age of 65 years and causes untold suffering of the patient and their family. The cause of this disease is unknown; indeed, evidence increasingly suggests that there may be multiple Alzheimer-type syndromes with different etiologies, analogous to different types of psychosis. Currently there are no means to prevent the disease, slow its progress or reverse its neurodegenerative consequences. With few exceptions, clinical trials of a variety of compounds have resulted in patient responses that are disappointing with respect to both the proportion of responders and the magnitude of the responses. Novel approaches to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease are clearly warranted. For this reason, we organized the First Suncoast Workshop on the Neurobiology of Aging in St. Petersburg, Florida, which took place from February 26-March 1, 1989. This workshop focused on novel treatments and models for Alzheimer's disease and represented a cooperative venture among academia, government and industry, both in its participants and sponsorship. The Center for the Neurobiology of Aging at the University of Florida, the National Institute on Aging and Taiho Pharmaceutical Corporation in Japan sponsored the workshop in which scientists from the North America, Europe, Japan and other parts of Asia participated.