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Background/Context: Emergency situations caused by natural climatic
disasters like floods, earth quakes or land sliding are the major
limiting factors for the achievement of educating children in their
normal schooling. People surviving from the horror left
shell-shocked, bewildered, passive and profoundly traumatized.
Similar situation emerged when Tori Bund broke; a number of
districts in Sindh which were at a considerable distance from the
Indus River were massively affected by the floods; including
Kashmore, Jacobabad, Qambar Shahdadkot and northern Shikarpur.
(Wikipedia.pakflood 2011. This resulted in large scale
infrastructure damage and human displacement from the both the
banks of River Indus. Those Internally Displaced People (IDP) were
settled in different schools. The IDP children education was
naturally abandoned because they had to leave their schools. The
education of regular students was also suspended because they had
to evacuate the schools for the IDPs. Purpose: It became a matter
of immense importance to know the feelings of the tangible stake
holders about schooling, by which I mean the children of both
categories; IDP children and those of ABC school.
The phytohormone salicylic acid is found in plants with roles in
photosynthesis, transpiration, ion uptake, transport, plant growth
and development. It is involved in cell signaling, mediating in
plant defense against pathogens. Because of the economic
importance, the seed metabolism epecially the accumulation of
storage products, became a subject of intensive investigation. The
book offers comprehensive understanding of the bochemical changes
induced by salicylic acid during seed development and germination
of pea (Pisum sativum L.). The book focuses on the changes in
Ascorbate peroxidase, acid phosphatase, a-amylase, sucrose synthase
and protein contents during the seed development and grmination in
pea. In additon to these biochemical studies, the yield and yield
components has also been anlysed for salicylic acid treated pea
plants. The experiments are well planned and the conclusions are
based on data analysis. The current work on seed development and
germination in pea will serve as a foundation for further studies
in both key phases of pea life cycle. The book is specifically
useful for the researchers working/searhing new growth regulators.
Soils of Pakistan have free CaCO3, alkaline pH and low organic
matter. Consequently, nutrient disorders seem among the most
critical factors of crop production, particularly in salt-affected
soils. The essentially of P and Zn for plants has been established
long ago but interaction effects on economic yields of crops are
still controversial. Wheat is the most important cereal crop in the
world. In a pot study on wheat grown on salt-affected soil, results
indicated that mean number of tillers per pot, height of fertile
tillers, straw dry weight, 1000-grain weight and P uptake in straw
was recorded maximum with control closely followed by T5 (P @ 150
kg ha-1 + Zn @ 10 kg ha-1) while Zn concentration was maximum in
straw and grains, P uptake by grains, Zn uptake by straw and grains
with P @ 150 kg ha-1 + Zn @ 10 kg ha-1. However, when P-Zn
interactions were investigated, it was observed that application of
150 kg P ha-1 & 10 kg Zn ha-1 could be the appropriate
fertilizer combination for significant increase in growth and yield
of wheat in salt-affected soil. Moreover, adverse effect of
salinity/sodicity can be minimized by increasing the fertility
status of the salt-affected soil.
Pakistan has the largest contiguous gravity flow canal irrigation
system, but is falling short of good-quality water due to increased
cropping intensity and increased demands for households and
industry over the years. In Pakistan the agriculturally important
areas are arid or semi-arid where freshwater supplies are limited
to meet crop water requirements especially at critical stages. This
shortage is being fulfilled by exploiting groundwater resources
which is mostly brackish in nature. We evaluated the growth
response of wheat and berseem crops to brackish water during
reclamation of dense saline-sodic soils. The cyclic irrigation of
CW and TW along with the application of gypsum @ 100% SGR or FM or
with auger hole 60 m-2 refilled with gypsum and rice husk (1:1
ratio) remained better in lowering ECe, pHs and SAR and produced
maximum grain and straw yields of wheat as well as berseem fodder.
Overall, it was concluded that low quality waters could be
exploited for irrigation on marginal salt-affected soils.
The aim of this book was to provide basic knowledge of the art for
the development of controlled release matrix tablets of diclofenac
sodium with synthetic (Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose) and natural
(Xanthine Gum) hydrophilic polymers using different concentrations
by direct compression technique and to comparatively evaluate the
formulations on the basis of in-vitro and in-vivo parameters. An
in-vivo study was conducted on rabbits and the results were
calculated using different software like SPSS and Kinetica. In
conventional pharmaceutics, matrix based tablet formulations are
considered economical and easy to manufacture. This book would be
helpful for the students who are involved in the matrix based
formulation development at MS and PhD level.
Although various analytical techniques are available for the
evaluation of drugs, chromatographic analysis are considered better
due to the their stability, reproducibility and sensitivity. In
recent years, the development of HPLC methods for the determination
of drugs has attracted considerable attention of
pharmacokineticians due to their importance in the quality control
tests of drugs and their formulations. A world wide competition is
in progress for developing rapid, convenient and sensitive HPLC
methods in quality control testing. This book provides basic
guidelines for the HPLC calibration, and method development for the
rapid quantification of cetrizine. This method was validated and
applied for the determination of cetrizine in tablets and their
stability studies. This book is useful to the pharmacokineticians
who are interested in the development and validation of stability
indicating HPLC methods for cetrizine HCl and other drugs of same
physico-chemical properties.
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Herbal creams (Paperback)
Ghulam Murtaza, Naveed Akhtar, Muhammad Khurram Waqas
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R1,465
Discovery Miles 14 650
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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Some years ago, raw herbs, their powders and rarely extracts were
employed as remedy against various ailments. Later on chemical
based drugs replaced this traditional mode of therapy. In recent
years, herbal products particularly the formulations containing
herbal extracts are reviving because of no or nominal side effects.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction of fenugreek seeds.
It also presents traditional applications of fenugreek seeds in
wound healing, skin moisturizing and wrinkle treatment. This report
also encompasses the obtention of fenugreek seed methanolic
extract, preparation of w/o emulsion based cream containing extract
and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of the formulations. This book is
also useful to the herbalists who are interested in the preparation
of stable creams containing extracts and their characterization.
The increasing number of patients with chronic diseases implies the
necessity of developing drugs for a longer period and taking a lot
of medicines simultaneously, which may lead to a decrease in
patient compliance. This problem is serious for drugs with short
biological half lives because they must be taken more frequently. A
solution might be the development of a dosage form capable of
releasing the drug gradually. In this regard, microencapsulation
has been used as one of the methods to construct a formulation for
delivering the drug in a controlled mode. This book provides
chemistry of salbutamol sulphate, tramadol hydrochloride,
diclofenac sodium and ethylcellulose, physics of drug release
through particle wall and use of microparticles in life sciences.
Microparticles were prepared by using three different
microencapsulation techniques i.e. coacervation thermal change,
solvent evaporation and coacervation non-solvent addition by
adjusting the ratio of drug to ethylcellulose (release retardant
material). This presentation narrates a complete guideline from
formulation development by microencapsulation to the conductance of
biowaiver study.
A collection of hadiths regarding the tafseer (explanations) for
various ayats in Quran.
A collection of hadiths from Masoomeen (asws) regarding the tafseer
(explanation) of various Quranic ayahs
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