In "Understanding Islamic Finance" Muhammad Ayub introduces all the essential elements of this growing market by providing an in-depth background to the subject and clear descriptions of all the major products and processes associated with Islamic finance.

Key features include: Discussion of the principles of Islamic finance; Introduction to the key products and procedures that International Financial Institutions are using or may adopt to fund a variety of clients ensuring Sharīah compliance; Discussion of the role Islamic finance can play in the development of the financial system and of economies; Practical and operational examples that cover deposit and fund management by banks involving financing of various sectors of the economy, risk management, accounting treatment, and working of Islamic financial markets and instruments.

This book is not only an important text for all banks and financial institutions entering this particular market with a commitment to building Islamic financial solutions, but is also essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Islamic finance.

Eupatorium adenophorum is considered to be a serious weed in agriculture, especially in rangelands where it often replaces either the more-desirable vegetation or native species, but also in forests. Grazing animals get accidentally exposed to the plant under scarcity conditions. A considerable variation between the animal species exists in terms of susceptibility to toxicity due to E. adenophorum. It is generally unpalatable to grazing animals, but goats graze on this plant infrequently. It is fatally toxic to horses and causes the "blowing disease" in Hawaii and "Numinbah disease" or "Tollebudgera horse disease" in Australia. Toxicopathological studies were taken up in Swiss albino mice, as a model and the effects of the plant extract on hematological, biochemical, gross pathological and histopathological parameters were recorded. The plant extract was found to be highly hepatotoxic in mice as evidenced by the changes in blood-biochemical, liver enzyme activities, gross and histopathology of liver. The results of the study suggest that the consumption of the extract of E. adenophorum as medicinal purposes without proper dosing may produce hepatotoxicity in humans.