The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a drug delivery system in vitro based on a compression coated tablet containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in core and pectin Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) mixture in coat layer. The main reason for selecting pectin was its biodegradation in colon by colonic flora. On other hand, high molecular weight HPMC increases mechanical strength of tablet coat around a drug core during its transportation in gastro-intestinal tract. Multiple regression analysis with two way ANOVA revealed that both factors had statistically significant influence for the response studied (P

Indians are genetically more susceptible to diabetes and the W.H.O predicts the number of diabetes in India would go up to 40 million by 2010 and 74 million by 2025. Diabetes is associated with long-term complications that affect almost every part of the body. However Insulin administration is effective to some extent in increasing the life expectation of diabetic patients, but there are wide spectrum of limitations as well as draw backs for this therapy. Some Oral hypoglycemic agents are also employed in this regard, such as renal damage and neurological disturbances. There are great deals of evidences to suggest that the use of carefully chosen herbal remedies and dietary supplements to prevent and control the diabetes.The leaves of the plant Actinodaphne hookeri Meissn.(Lauraceae)have been traditionally claimed to be useful in diabetic conditions but yet no scientific reports are available in this regard. Hence the plant Actinodaphne hookeri Meissn leaves was selected for Phytochemical investigations and Anti diabetic activity.

Levocetrizine hydrochloride is an oral antihistamine and antiallergic agent, which blocking histamine receptors. It does not prevent the actual release of histamine from mast cells, but prevents it binding to its receptors. This in turn prevents the release of other allergy chemicals and increased blood supply to the area, and provides relief from the typical symptoms of hey fever and rhinitus allergic condition. The dose of Levocetrizine hydrochloride ranges from 5 to 10 mg twice in a day and it undergoes extensive first pass metabolism. Hence it has only 66% bioavailability. The half life of the drug 8 to 10 hours indicates the need for modified release dosage form. levocetrizine hydrochloride was chosen as model drug with an aim to developed fast dissolving tablet that improve bioavailability, patient compliance and rapid action in rhinitus allergic condition.

The aim of this study was to develop a new intra-gastric oating in situ gelling system for controlled delivery of levetiracetam for the treatment of partial onset seizures.High dose of levetiracetam (750 to 1000 mg) is di cult to incorporate in oating tablets but can easily be given in liquid dosage form. Sodium alginate-based in-situ gelling systems were prepared by dissolving various concentrations of sodium alginate in deionized water, to which drug and calcium carbonate were added. A 32 full factorial design was used for optimization. The concentrations of sodium alginate (X1) and calcium carbonate (X2) were selected as the independent variables.The amount of the drug released after 1 h (Q1) and 6 h (Q6) and 12 h (Q12), viscosity and Floating lag time of the liquid formulation were selected as the dependent variables. The studies indicate that the formulation was effective in providing in vitro release for extended time up to 12 hrs and also convenient for geriatric and paediatric patient and increase drug residency to the GIT."

The purpose of this research was to formulate tasteless complexes of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride with Kyron-134 and to formulate tasteless complex into fast-Dispersible tablets (FDT) for the treatment of allergic rhinitis & chronic idiopathic urticaria. Drug release from FDT in salivary pH was insufficient to impart bitter taste. Complete drug release was observed at gastric pH. The studies indicate that the formulation was taste masked drug can be formulated in to FDT with view to enhance patient compliance & to obtain faster onset action of the drug which would be advantageous in comparison to the currently available conventional forms. Formulations D-5 was found to be palatable with in vitro disintegration time of 20 s Dissolution studies showed complete release of D-5 within 30 min.

For evaluation of granules containing different herb parameters tested for raw material were organoleptic, physicochemical, physical, phytochemical etc. Parameters for finished product (granules) include pH, LOD, angle of repose, tapped density, bulk density, Carr's index, Hausner's ratio. Marketed formulation consists of aqueous extract of G. glabra, Z. officinalis and A. vasica indicated for sore throat, cough, cold and flu. Results indicated that Raw material of Marketed formulation and Developed formulation were identical with respect to all organoleptic, physicochemical, physical, and phytochemical parameters. All three batches of marketed formulation were uniform in colour, size, loss on drying, angle of repose, bulk and tap density and also showed uniformity with developed formulation. HPTLC fingerprinting indicated presence of peaks at Rf in respective solvent system were matched with Raw material, Marketed formulation and Developed formulation confirm.

Venlafaxine Hydrochloride is an oral antidepressant agent of the Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor class. Venlafaxine Hydrochloride has been studied for the treatment of panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and the treatment of hot flashes in patients who cannot or do not want to take hormone replacement therapy. The dose of Venlafaxine hydrochloride ranges from 75 to 225 mg three times a day and it undergoes extensive first pass metabolism hence it has only 45% bioavaibility. The short half life of the drug 5 hr indicates the need for modified release dosage form. Venlafaxine HCl was chosen as model drug with an aim to developed mucoadhesive buccal tablet that minimize dose related side effects and reducing the dosing frequency of drug and finally improve the bioavaibility.

Itopride, a novel prokinetic agent is unique and different from the available prokinetics because of its dual mode of action and lack of significant drug interaction potential. Itopride is a newly developed prokinetic agent, which enhances gastric motility through both anti-dopaminergic and anti-acetylcholinesterage actions. It is best candidate for Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease. Itopride 50mg can be given thrice in a day for Treatment of GERD. By developing the sustain release formulation of Itopride hydrochloride, the frequency of drug can be reduce to once only to obtain good therapeutic response. The prepared formulation is usually taken on an empty stomach about an hour before meals. Sustained release tablet of Itopride Hydrochloride was prepared by using combination of HPMC grade as matrix forming material. The influence of amount of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose K15M and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose K100M on release of Itopride hydrochloride was studied using Central composite design. The optimized Formulation FB7 had given prolonged drug release up to 24 hr. It also had desired drug release kinetics and it was found to be stable after 1 month at accelerated conditions.

Nicotinic acid (NA) as lipid lowering agent drug has not become a first-line treatment due to the strong side effect called flushing occurs when given in immediate release dosage form. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using HPMC K-15M, polymer as retardant and the prepared tablets of NA will remain intact up to 2 hrs in pH 1.2 due to Eudragit L 100-55 and its release is not only initiated but tact fully retarded up to 12 hrs and were found to be superior in physical properties, dissolution characteristics, and drug content uniformity. The drug release from the matrix tablet Fitted to the Higuchi model and Zero order release which indicates non-Fickian diffusion.N8 showed good similarity with theoretical profile of nicotinic acid. Excipients has significant effect on drug release, because DCP retarded the release due to hydrophobic nature, on the contrary MCC increased drug release for its swelling property and causing burst release, and lactose moderately affected drug release due to channeling action and hence causing drug release at desired rate and amount. The studies indicate that the formulation was effective in providing in vitro release for extended perio

Metoprolol Tartrate is a -blocker drug indicated for the treatment of angina, prevention of myocardial infarction, Essential hypertension; It has low bioavailability of about 40% due to hepatic metabolism. The purpose of this research was to improve the bioavailability by preparing a fast dissolving tablet using superdisintegrants method. Because pregastric absorption of drug improves bioavailability, gives rapid onset of action when needed."

Famotidine is histamine -H2 receptor antagonist. It has bioavailability of 40 to 45% and it has shorter plasma half life of 2.5 to 3.5 hrs. The effective treatment of erosive esophagitis and Zolinger-Elisons syndrome requires administration of 20 mg of Famotidine 4 times a day. A conventional dose of 20 mg can inhibit gastric acid secretion up to 5 hours but not up to 10 hours. An alternative dose of 40 mg leads to plasma fluctuations; thus a sustained release dosage form of famotidine is desirable. Direct access to the systemic circulation bypasses drugs from the hepatic first pass metabolism leading to high bioavailability. Moreover, the buccal route is easily accessible, has a good patient compliance and can be used in patients who can't swallow. Bilayer buccal tablet was prepared by using mucoadhesive polymer combination of Sodium CMC and Carbopol934P, by direct compression with backing layer of Ethyl cellulose. The optimized formulation F1 had given release of 102.57% in 8hrs and it had optimum swelling, mucoadhesive property and permeation from buccal mucosa. It also had desired drug release kinetics and found to be stable for the period of 1 month.

Tolperisone hydrochloride has a short elimination half- life and rapidly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.2 If it is formulated by conventional tablets, it will require multiple daily administrations (2-3 times daily) which ultimately results into in conveniency to the patients and possibility of reduced compliance with prescribed therapy. Tolperisone HCl is more stable in acidic medium (pH > 4.5), and in alkaline medium (pH 4 to 7) tolperisone breaks down into 4-MMPPO and piperidine. Thus, the patient is exposed to an uncontrollable quantity of 4-MMPPO 2methyl-1-(4methylphenyl)-propanone]. Proposed are floating tolperisone tablets with the controlled release of the active substance tolperisone in the stomach at pH 1 to 2.

In the present investigation, solid dispersion of olanzapine has been prepared to improve its solubility. Further, using solid dispersion, mouth dissolving tablet was prepared to overcome the problem of swallowing. A Simplex Lattice design was applied using three factors, i.e. superdisintegrants like croscarmellose sodium(X1) crospovidone(X2), and sodium starch glycolate(X3) in tablet formulation. Disintegration time, Wetting time, Water absorption, T50 (Time required to 50% drug release) and Q10 (percentage of drug released in 10 min.) taken as responses. Solid dispersion showed significant enhancement in solubility of olanzapine. For mouth dissolving tablet, batch containing 5% croscarmellose sodium alone had minimum disintegration time (44 sec.) and faster drug release(T50: 40 sec) compared to other batches.

To develop sustained release matrix tablet of Tramadol HCl that deliver drug for 24 hr and to be taken once in a day. Drug having high solubility and relatively shorter half-life suggests its suitability for an extended formulation. If it is formulated by conventional tablets, it will require multiple daily administrations which ultimately results into inconveniency to the patients and possibility of reduced compliance with prescribed therapy. Also fluctuation in plasma drug concentration leads to exaggerated side effects, this all limitations can be minimized by adopting extended release formulation. To reduce the frequency of administration and to improve the patient compliance, Once in a day sustained release formulation is desirable. It describes the influence of the concentration of HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M and HPMC K100M on Tramadol HCl sustained release formulations using box-behnken design.These Polymers were selected as an independent variables. Drug release after 8 hr, 12 hr and 16 hr were selected as a dependent variables. Optimized formulation found by similarity and dissimilarity factor follow zero order kinetic with non-fickian diffusion as a drug release mechanism.