Somatic genome manipulation is required when a sexual crossing approach cannot be used in breeding or genetic treatment of an individual organism. Examples can include gene- or cell-therapy of a person to correct disease, genetic improvement of vegetatively propagated plants, and genetic replacement of cytoplasm without significantly modifying the nuclear genome. The advantage of somatic genome manipulation is maintenance of the general genotype while correcting one or more traits. Somatic genome manipulation is also an option for genetic improvement of sexually propagated plants in polyploidy breeding or in overcoming issues of sexual incompatibility. Recent novel technologies in somatic genome manipulation are developing quickly but much of this literature is fragmented and difficult or inconvenient to access. This book represents the first attempt to assemble updated reviews, detailed protocols, and their applications in all fields in which somatic genome manipulation has thrived. This is a truely one-of-a-kind work that brings together the most important and relevant advances in somatic genome manipulation in plants, algae, microorganisms, humans and animals, and demonstrates where the science interacts and where it diverges. The chapters are written by experts on the topic with ready-to-use protocols that were originally developed or adapted from the literature in their laboratories. We expect that this book will be useful for students, researchers, and teachers in both plant and animal research as a resource for the latest information on somatic genome manipulation and for its useful laboratory methods.

This book introduces the concepts of more electric aircraft and aviation electrical appliances, as well as the aviation experimental platform of vacuum switches, the interruption characteristics, frequency characteristics and post-arc breakdown characteristics of intermediate frequency vacuum switches, etc. It is the first monograph on protection electrical appliances, vacuum interrupter in aviation variable frequency power system. This book includes a lot of experimental process and chart analysis for readers to understand and provides references for practical engineering problems. This book could be used as references for engineers and technicians working on electric power systems in aircrafts.

This book puts forward the concept of a virtual equivalent system (VES) based on theoretical analysis and simulation results. The new concept will facilitate the development of a unified framework for analyzing the stability and convergence of self-tuning control (STC) systems, and potentially, of all adaptive control systems. The book then shows that a time-varying STC system can be converted into a time-invariant system using a certain nonlinear compensation signal, which reduces the complexity and difficulty of stability and convergence analysis. In closing, the VES concept and methodology are used to assess the stability of multiple model adaptive control (MMAC) systems and T-S model-based fuzzy control systems.

This book is the first to provide an in-depth analysis about the history, urban development, planning, and preservation of the Lhasa city over the last thirteen centuries. It studis the old Lhasa city as part of Tibet's social and historical evolution process, therefore, the book presentes a relatively wide angle of vision and objective understanding. The research draws on an unparalleled amount of archival sources as well as up-to-date findings of original research projects. In the meanwhile, some experiences of other Chinese historical cities are also included for comparison with the preservation of the old Lhasa city. This book also contains many unique first-hand photos and high-quality illustrations. They can be used as a reference for scholars and students who are interested in the field of historical and cultural preservation in Chinese urban planning and construction. The book can also be useful to tourists or the people who are interested in the cultural and religious history of Tibet.

This book presents a class of novel optimal control methods and games schemes based on adaptive dynamic programming techniques. For systems with one control input, the ADP-based optimal control is designed for different objectives, while for systems with multi-players, the optimal control inputs are proposed based on games. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods, the book analyzes the properties of the adaptive dynamic programming methods, including convergence of the iterative value functions and the stability of the system under the iterative control laws. Further, to substantiate the mathematical analysis, it presents various application examples, which provide reference to real-world practices.

This book focuses on the reliability engineering of medical devices, especially digital diagnosis and treatment equipment in China. It details the professional technologies and application methods of reliability design analysis, fault model analysis and reliability test of digital diagnosis and treatment equipment, to meet the needs of project undertakers of digital diagnosis and treatment equipment. From the three aspects: safety analysis and EMC design protection, material selection and control, and software engineering and quality, this book provides professional and technical ideas and methods of reliability for the quality problems prone to occur in the field of medical devices, as well as method guidance for readers. Meanwhile, it runs through the whole process of design, engineering, testing, production and management of all digital diagnosis and treatment equipment research and development enterprises and even product R & D enterprises in the field of medical devices. It is used as reading materials for personnel of testing institutions and evaluation institutions in medical devices.

Computing is ubiquitous and if you think otherwise, that in itself might be the best evidence that it is so. Computers are omnipresent in modern life and the multimedia computing environment of today is becoming more and more seamless. Bringing together contributions from dozens of leading experts, Ubiquitous Multimedia Computing educates readers on Ubi-Media Computing on three levels: infrastructures, where fundamental technologies are being developed; middleware, where the integration of technologies and software systems continues to be defined; and applications, where its concepts are evolving into real-world products and processes. In presenting a wealth of new directions and new technology that is changing the way we communicate, learn, play, and live day by day, this book - Examines various architectures for delivering multimedia content including streaming devices , wireless networks, and various hybrids Looks at rapidly developing sensor technology including wearable computers Demonstrates the use of advanced HCI devices that allow the simplest body gestures to govern increasingly complex tasks Introduces newsputers that take the use of embedded image information in a host of practical directions Looks at how ubiquitous computing can eliminate traffic congestion and improve the efficiency and quality of medical care Looks at how computing is personalizing learning environments and revolutionizing our approach to the three R's. While these pages serve as a timely reference for researchers working in all areas of product development and human computer interaction, they also provide engineers, doctors, and many other professionals, as well as educators and graduate students with a view that reveals the otherwise invisible seams of this age of ubi-media computing.

This book discusses topics concerning digital game-based learning focusing on learning-by-game-building and Web 2.0. Grounded in the new theoretical perspective of enactivism, this book shows how such an approach can help students gain deep understanding of subjects such as mathematics and history, as well as undergraduate or graduate students' learning of pedagogy and also adult driver's learning of road safety rules. Written for undergraduate students in teacher education, experienced teachers, and graduate students, this book is an ideal text for courses related to technology integration and digital game-based learning. It is also beneficial for researchers, educators, parents, school administrators, game designers, and anyone who is interested in new ways of learning and digital games.

This book covers all one needs to know about the utility of endomicroscopy in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal diseases. It provides a comprehensive description of the latest in diagnostic criteria and advances in the basic science pertaining to endomicroscopy of the gastrointestinal system. Each chapter introduces the key histologic, endoscopic, and endomicroscopic features of common gastrointestinal conditions, with generous illustration using typical images. The book will provide the practicing physicians with the principles of practice, and procedural techniques of endomicroscopy, as well as demonstrate the bench-to-bedside translational potential of endomicrosocpy in helping endoscopists manage their patients' gastrointestinal conditions. This book fills an enormous gap in providing a much needed atlas in GI endomicroscopic diagnosis. Readers can learn the diagnostic criteria of various gastrointestinal conditions as illustrated by high quality endoscopic, endomicroscopic and histology images. It contains the most extensive review of currently published studies of endomicroscopy in gastrointestinal conditions. It has numerous high quality endomicroscopic images along with high definition endoscopy and histology images illustrating the common gastrointestinal diseases. It will provide a platform for standardizing endomicroscopic practice and learning.

'... a very good balance between the theory and practice of real-time embedded system designs.' -Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino, Ph.D., Research Laboratory, Internet Initiative Japan Inc., IETF IPv6 Operations Working Group (v6ops) co-chair 'A cl

This book introduces the concepts of more electric aircraft and aviation electrical appliances, as well as the aviation experimental platform of vacuum switches, the interruption characteristics, frequency characteristics and post-arc breakdown characteristics of intermediate frequency vacuum switches, etc. It is the first monograph on protection electrical appliances, vacuum interrupter in aviation variable frequency power system. This book includes a lot of experimental process and chart analysis for readers to understand and provides references for practical engineering problems. This book could be used as references for engineers and technicians working on electric power systems in aircrafts.

This book puts forward the concept of a virtual equivalent system (VES) based on theoretical analysis and simulation results. The new concept will facilitate the development of a unified framework for analyzing the stability and convergence of self-tuning control (STC) systems, and potentially, of all adaptive control systems. The book then shows that a time-varying STC system can be converted into a time-invariant system using a certain nonlinear compensation signal, which reduces the complexity and difficulty of stability and convergence analysis. In closing, the VES concept and methodology are used to assess the stability of multiple model adaptive control (MMAC) systems and T-S model-based fuzzy control systems.

This book aims to explain and explore the distribution mechanism adopted by China, which prioritizes distribution according to performance while taking factors of production into consideration. This mechanism is designed in the context of current market-oriented economy, but it also leads to problems such as the widening income gap among the citizens. Besides serving for economic growth, the authors proposed balancing the interests through policies among different groups as one of the key role for distribution system, which may slow down or even stop the trend of widening income gap. And the authors also provided possible measures for this purpose.

This book is the first to provide an in-depth analysis about the history, urban development, planning, and preservation of the Lhasa city over the last thirteen centuries. It studis the old Lhasa city as part of Tibet's social and historical evolution process, therefore, the book presentes a relatively wide angle of vision and objective understanding. The research draws on an unparalleled amount of archival sources as well as up-to-date findings of original research projects. In the meanwhile, some experiences of other Chinese historical cities are also included for comparison with the preservation of the old Lhasa city. This book also contains many unique first-hand photos and high-quality illustrations. They can be used as a reference for scholars and students who are interested in the field of historical and cultural preservation in Chinese urban planning and construction. The book can also be useful to tourists or the people who are interested in the cultural and religious history of Tibet.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Web Engineering, ICWE 2013, held in Aalborg, Denmark, in July 2013. The 21 full research papers, 4 industry papers, and 11 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 92 submissions. The scientific program was completed with 7 workshops, 6 demonstrations and posters. The papers cover a wide spectrum of topics, such as, among others: web mining and knowledge extraction, semantic and linked data management, crawling and web research, model-driven web engineering, component-based web engineering, Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) and client-side programming, web services, and end-user development.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Web-Based Learning, ICWL 2012, held in Sinaia, Romania, in September, 2012. The 28 revised full papers presented together with 10 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from about 105 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, Web 2.0 and Social Learning Environments; Personal Learning Environments; Learning Objects' Management and Ontologies; Game-Based Learning; Personalized and Adaptive Learning; Feedback, Assessment and Learning Analytics; Design, Model and Implementation of E-Learning Platforms and Tools; Pedagogical Issues, Practice and Experience Sharing.

To praise oneself is sure a fault; yet who That does aught good escapes it? If he feigns In those his words no whit, and all be true, The good for ever good remains. Book of Ill Humor West-Eastern Divan, by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (Translation by Edward Dowden) ICWL is an annual international conference series on Web-based learning that has so far been held in Asia, Australia and Europe. This series represents the cooperationofEuropeanandAsianresearcherstoadvancethe?eldofWeb-based learning. Numerous joint research papers and joint projects have emerged from the successful track record of ICWL. We have chosen a short quotation of the West-EasternDivan by JohannWolfgang von Goethe to expressthe spirit of the conference series establishing a stable bridge of researchbetween the continents. This year's conference location was a perfect symbol of this spirit. The 8th ICWL 2009 was held in Germany's westernmost located and truly European city Aachen. At the borders with Belgium and The Netherlands, it is within convenient reach of European centers like Brussels, Cologne, Paris and London. Initshistory, AachenwasthecapitalofCharlemagne, perhapsthe?rstEuropean emperor, and the place of coronation for the medieval Holy Roman Emperors following him. From its beginnings as a bathing resort of hot springs established sinceRomantimes, AachenwasalsoameetingpointoftheEastandtheWest.As acityofpilgrimage, knowledgefromtheEastfounditswayontheancientroutes and Western ideas traveled in the other direction. Exactly these old traditions are revitalized in papers collected in this proceedings volume.

"IPv6 Socket API Extensions: Programmer's Guide" covers the IPv6 application programming intercfaces (API) extensions and enhancements that have been made to the socket APIs. The book begins with a brief overview of the API specifications along with sample code usage. Then an explanation of the internal kernel implementation that realizes the services offered by the API sets is detailed. Also descriptions of several standard user libraries that have been extended or created to support IPV6 are reviewed. Includes various examples which illustrate how to write portable applications that can run on either IPv4 or IPv6 networks. Succinct treatment of everything you need know to get up and running with IPv6 socket programming in one affordable volume.
Provides a detailed introduction to the IETF standards for IPv6 APIsIncludes extensive line-by-line code sets with meticulous explanations of their implementationNumerous diagrams and illustrations to aid in fully understanding the socket APIs

Mobile IPv6 has become the key enabling technology for mobile data and multimedia services and devices worldwide (i.e., cellular systems, VoIP handovers over LAN, multi-access network handovers, location privacy, enterprise mobile networking, etc.).

This book covers the IPv6 host mobility protocol known as "mobile IPv6" and begins with a basic description of mobile IPv6 and then details protocol specifications and data structures as well as actual implementation. A sample configuration for a real Mobile IPv6 operation is provided at the end of the book. Source code will be downloadable form a companion website.
Provides a detailed introduction to the IETF Mobile IPv6 standard
Includes extensive line-by-line code sets with meticulous explanations of their implementation
Numerous diagrams and illustrations to help in visualizing the implementation

This book constitutes the proceedings of the joint International Conference APWeb/WAIM 2009 which was held in Suzhou, China, during April 1-4, 2009.

The 42 full papers presented together with 26 short papers and the abstracts of 2 keynote speeches were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The topics covered are query processing, topic-based techniques, Web data processing, multidimensional data analysis, stream data processing, data mining and its applications, and data management support to advanced applications.

Conceptual modeling has long been recognized as the primary means to enable so- ware development in information systems and data engineering. Conceptual modeling provides languages, methods and tools to understand and represent the application domain; to elicit, conceptualize and formalize system requirements and user needs; to communicate systems designs to all stakeholders; and to formally verify and validate systems design on high levels of abstraction. The International Conference on Conceptual Modeling provides a premiere forum for presenting and discussing current research and applications in which the major emphasis is on conceptual modeling. Topics of interest span the entire spectrum of conceptual modeling including research and practice in areas such as theories of concepts and ontologies underlying conceptual modeling, methods and tools for - veloping and communicating conceptual models, and techniques for transforming conceptual models into effective implementations. The scientific program of ER 2008 featured several activities running in parallel. The core activity was the presentation of the 33 research papers published in this volume, which were selected by a large Program Committee (PC) Co-chaired by Qing Li, Stefano Spaccapietra and Eric Yu. We thank the PC Co-chairs, the PC members and the additional referees for the hard work done, often within a short time. Thanks are also due to Moira Norrie from ETH Zurich, Oscar Pastor from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, and Amit Sheth from the Wright State Univ- sity for accepting our invitation to present keynotes."

This year, we received about 170 submissions to ICWL 2008. There were a total of 52 full papers, representing an acceptance rate of about 30%, plus one invited paper accepted for inclusion in this LNCS proceedings. The authors of these accepted papers came from many different countries. We would like to thank all the reviewers for spending their precious time reviewing the papers and for providing valuable c- ments that aided significantly in the paper selection process. Authors of the best papers presented in this conference will be invited to submit extended versions of their papers for possible publication in a special issue of IEEE Internet Computing. This was the second time that the ICWL conference was organized in China. It was particularly special this year to hold ICWL 2008 in China, as the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games were co-located in the same country during the conference period. We would like to especially thank our Organization Co-chair, Lanfang Miao, for spending an enormous amount of effort in coordinating the local arrangements. In fact, we would like to thank the entire conference Organizing Committee for their hard work in putting together the conference. In particular, we would like to express our appreciation to our Registration Chairs, Jiying (Jean) Wang and Lanfang Miao, and Treasurer Howard Leung for their tremendous efforts in communicating with the authors regarding registration matters and maintaining the registration lists up-to-date.

This year, we received a record high of about 180 submissions to ICWL 2007. From these, a total of 55 full papers plus one keynote paper were accepted for this LNCS proceedings volume, representing an acceptance rate of about 30%. The authors of these accepted papers were of a remarkable international diversity. We would like to thank all the reviewers for spending their precious time reviewing the papers and for providing valuable comments that aided significantly in the paper selection process. Authors of the best papers presented at this conference will be invited to submit extended versions of their papers for possible publication in 1) a special issue of IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, for those papers relevant to knowledge and data engineering; and 2) a special issue of the International Journal of Distance Education Technologies (JDET), for papers of other areas. This was the first time that the ICWL conference was organized in Europe and 27 papers were from European researchers. We would like to thank our Organization Chair Dr. Taku Komura for spending an enormous amount of energy in coordinating the local arrangements. In fact, we would like to thank the entire conference organization committee for their hard work in putting together the conference. In particular, we would like to express our appreciation to our Registration Chair Dr.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Web-Based Learning, ICWL 2002, held in Hong Kong, China in August 2002.The 34 revised full papers presented together with an invited keynote paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 75 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on system modeling and architectures, distance learning systems engineering, collaborative systems, experiences in distance learning, databases and data mining, and multimedia.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, PAKDD 2001, held in Hong Kong, China in April 2001.
The 38 revised full papers and 22 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 152 submissions. The book offers topical sections on Web mining, text mining, applications and tools, concept hierarchies, feature selection, interestingness, sequence mining, spatial and temporal mining, association mining, classification and rule induction, clustering, and advanced topics and new methods.