This major book presents, for the first time, an authoritative history of developments in macroeconometric modelling since the 1930s. It focuses in particular on the construction of mathematico-statistical models of entire economies, estimated from national accounts and other macroeconomic data. International and comparative in scope, the book contains chapters prepared by specialists from the different countries concerned. This landmark book is indispensable to an understanding of the history and development of large scale econometric models of modern economies.

Part of a series, this volume comprises a selection of methodology-oriented papers presented at the 25th International Conference of the Applied Econometrics Association on International Commodity Market Modelling which took place at the World Bank, Washington, 1988. Economic and statistical analyses are obviously of great importance in studying commodity markets. A deep knowledge of market-clearing processes, the institutional structures of the industries related to each commodity market whether on the supply or demand side and the statistical methods of data handling for inference purposes are all needed in order to make good sense of the wealth of information on commodity market data. In addition, a technological understanding of the economic processes underlying each market is necessary. The agronomy of crop production, the techniques of crop distribution from harvest to end-use, the contributions of meteorology, the engineering of metallurgy, the engineering of processing factories, the combating of oil spills, the control of pollution and many other technological aspects of the different markets are essential for a good understanding of the forces at work in each case. Also legal and political factors play roles in the markets and require some specialized knowledge of their effects. Almost every market is different and so a specialized technological background is required, but that adds much substance to the research. By fitting together appropriate cross-disciplinary bodies of information in commodity market studies, a high degree of interest and analytical challenge can be attained.

Bei organischer Synthese entstehen neue Stoffe. Dieser Wiley-Schnellkurs fA1/4hrt Sie schnell und kompetent in dieses Gebiet der Organischen Chemie ein. David R. Klein erklart Ihnen was Sie zu elektrophiler und nukleophiler aromatischer Substitution wissen sollten und was Sie bei Ketonen, Aldehyden, Aminen, Enolen und vielem mehr beachten sollten. Mit zahlreichen A bungsaufgaben mit Loesungen koennen Sie Ihr Wissen festigen und testen. So ist dieses Buch das richtige fA1/4r Sie, wenn Sie sich schnell in diesen Bereich der Organik einarbeiten wollen.

The Japanese economy is beginning to show signs of recovery after years of stagnation/deflation, but many Japanese policymakers warn that this economic growth may be sluggish: slower than in the United States and certainly slower than in other East Asian countries. Japan faces significant economic problems, including an aging population, a large fiscal deficit, and the need to adjust to the IT economy and to competition with the rest of East Asia. A slow growth scenario would greatly reduce opportunities for new productive investment and would make it increasingly difficult to provide for Japan's growing social needs. The authors of this book argue that Japan can and should grow more rapidly, and examine the reasons for the sluggish performance of the Japanese economy. For example, some Japanese economic sectors, particularly in distribution and finance, have failed to take advantage of new information and communications technology to accelerate the growth of productivity, as has happened in other countries, such as the US. Production function studies and econometric model simulations suggest that with appropriate policies the Japanese economy can grow more rapidly and deal with its future problems. The book posits a number of policy proposals which would help to accelerate Japan's economic growth This book will be of interest to students of the Japanese economy, macroeconomics and international economies, and also to policymakers and professionals interested in Japan's economy.

Based on the author's thesis (doctoral--M.I.T., 1944).

This is the first detailed description in English of radiation and polymeric material interaction and the influences of thermal and optical material properties. As such, it provides comprehensive information on material and process characteristics as well as applications regarding plastic laser welding.
The first part of this practical book introduces the structure and physical properties of plastics, before discussing the interaction of material and radiation in the NIR and IR spectral range. This is followed by an overview of the physical foundations of laser radiation and laser sources used for plastic welding. The third part describes the main processes of laser welding thermoplastics, as well as possibilities of process control, design of joint geometry, material compatibilities and adaptation of absorption of plastics to NIR radiation. Finally, the author explains applications of laser welding plastics using several industrial case studies from the automotive industry, household goods, and medical devices.
Tailored to the needs of everyone dealing with laser welding of plastics, especially engineers in packaging, component manufacturing, and the medical industry.

Death before Sentencing provides a comprehensive description of America's 3,000 plus county and local jails being ignored by the media, politicians, and even criminal justice reformers. Jails have largely escaped scrutiny for deaths in their facilities for several reasons. First, the nation's jails are local affairs. Even repeat jail deaths warrant no more than limited local coverage at most. Jails are mostly run by sheriffs, often the most powerful and largely untouchable political figure in a local community. Third, the families of deceased jail inmates do not usually have the resources to sue or socioeconomic clout to be heard demanding jail accountability for loved ones' deaths. And lastly, many understood jail deaths as occurring from "natural causes," the verdict medical examiners and coroners erroneously employ to allow those responsible for the deaths to escape any accountability. This book constitutes the most complete investigation of the deadly side of jails, describing the daily deaths of detainees, including those from suicides, drug and alcohol withdrawal, forced restraint and brutality, as well as medical malpractice. Andrew R. Klein with Jessica L. Klein show how the failure of jail oversight by state correctional officials, state and county prosecutors, state police as well as sheriffs, medical examiners, and coroners allows for the secrecy surrounding and the cover up of jail deaths. Through a growing number of wrongful death lawsuits and the increasing role of the media in uncovering the truth about deadly jails, communities, led by the grieving families, are working to hold jailers and their medical providers accountable. This book concludes with hopeful signs of reforms being initiated by the U.S. Justice Department under President Biden, state legislatures, successful lawsuits, and reformers as well as suggests the major institutional reforms required to stop the daily deaths in America's jails.

The computer revolution of the 1960s ushered in a golden period of econometric model building. Lawrence Klein was constantly in the forefront of this development. He was awarded the Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for this and other contributions to applied econometrics.The 20th century witnessed a great expansion of economics as a scholarly discipline. The editor has chosen a selection of papers which sparked his interest as a student, a teacher and a researcher. This key volume includes both classic articles as well as lesser known papers which Professor Klein judges will stand the test of time.

This volume is the fourth in the series Recent Advances in Orthopaedics, bringing orthopaedic surgeons, musculoskeletal research scientists and trainees fully up to date with the latest advances in the field.   Each chapter reviews the recent literature on changes in practice, and new techniques and technologies for the management of disorders in the different musculoskeletal subspecialties.   Topics in this new volume include spine surgery, hip and knee arthroplasty, revision joint replacement, shoulder and elbow surgery, foot and ankle surgery, robotic knee arthroplasty, and orthopaedic oncology. The final chapter discusses COVID-19 from an orthopaedic perspective.   Each chapter explains the basic science and its clinical applications, and highlights the latest developments in musculoskeletal research.   Edited by recognised, US-based experts, this resource is further enhanced by clinical images and figures.   The previous volume (9781787791183) published in 2021.

The Hebrew Bible's fascinating narratives about women have occasioned some of the most important biblical scholarship of the last generation. Lillian Klein contributes to that wealth with her absorbing studies of key figures in the narrative material: Deborah, Jephtha's daughter, Delilah, Jael, the whore of Gaza, Kaleb's daughter Achsah, Hannah, Esther, the wife of Job, David's wife Michal, and Bathsheba. With a marvelous eye for the telling detail -- or its absence -- Klein examines the biblical portraits, often unfortunately brief, of these women and the dynamics of gender, power, and honor at work in their stories.

A remarkably lucid and careful scholar, Klein has surfaced the underlying and ironic ideals of womanhood in a society that both honored and marginalized women in stories of seduction and rivalry, deviation and obedience, public shame and private power.

This book presents Professor Lawrence R Klein and his group's last quarterly econometric model of the United States economy that they had produced at the University of Pennsylvania. This is the last econometric model that Lawrence Klein and his disciples have left after some 50 years of cumulated efforts of constructing the US economy model up to around 2000. It was widely known as the WEFA Econometric Model Mark 10, and is the culmination of Professor Klein's research which spans more than 70 years, and would please not only Professor Klein's old students and colleagues, but also younger students who have heard so much of Klein models but have yet to see the latest model in its complete and printed form.

This book is a landmark in showing how industrial-organizational psychology and related fields contribute to environmental sustainability in organizations. Industrial-organizational psychology embraces a scientist/practitioner model: evidence-based best practice to solve real-world issues. The contributors to this book are experts in science and practice, demonstrating the ways in which human-organization interactions can drive change to produce environmentally beneficial outcomes. Overall, the authors address cogent issues and provide specific examples of how industrial-organizational psychology can guide interventions that support and maintain environmentally sound practices in organizations. Green Organizations can be used as a general reference for researchers, in courses on sustainable business, corporate social responsibility, ethical management practices and social entrepreneurship. The book will provide an excellent overview for anyone interested in sustainability in organizations, and will serve as a valuable guide to industrial-organizational psychology and management professionals.

This book is a landmark in showing how industrial-organizational psychology and related fields contribute to environmental sustainability in organizations. Industrial-organizational psychology embraces a scientist/practitioner model: evidence-based best practice to solve real-world issues. The contributors to this book are experts in science and practice, demonstrating the ways in which human-organization interactions can drive change to produce environmentally beneficial outcomes. Overall, the authors address cogent issues and provide specific examples of how industrial-organizational psychology can guide interventions that support and maintain environmentally sound practices in organizations. Green Organizations can be used as a general reference for researchers, in courses on sustainable business, corporate social responsibility, ethical management practices and social entrepreneurship. The book will provide an excellent overview for anyone interested in sustainability in organizations, and will serve as a valuable guide to industrial-organizational psychology and management professionals.

The Japanese economy is beginning to show signs of recovery after years of stagnation/deflation, but many Japanese policymakers warn that this economic growth may be sluggish: slower than in the United States and certainly slower than in other East Asian countries. Japan faces significant economic problems, including an aging population, a large fiscal deficit, and the need to adjust to the IT economy and to competition with the rest of East Asia. A slow growth scenario would greatly reduce opportunities for new productive investment and would make it increasingly difficult to provide for Japan's growing social needs. The authors of this book argue that Japan can and should grow more rapidly, and examine the reasons for the sluggish performance of the Japanese economy. For example, some Japanese economic sectors, particularly in distribution and finance, have failed to take advantage of new information and communications technology to accelerate the growth of productivity, as has happened in other countries, such as the US. Production function studies and econometric model simulations suggest that with appropriate policies the Japanese economy can grow more rapidly and deal with its future problems. The book posits a number of policy proposals which would help to accelerate Japan's economic growth This book will be of interest to students of the Japanese economy, macroeconomics and international economies, and also to policymakers and professionals interested in Japan's economy.

This book offers the representative macroeconometric models and their applications for the Japanese economy in different development stages throughout the postwar years up to the present. It presents a summary of three types of macroeconometric models and analyses: Social accounting analyses of national income and related indices following the tradition of C Clark, S Kuznets, R Stone and World Bank Development Reports; Inter-industrial and inter-regional analyses of the Japanese economy a la W Leontief and the CGE (computable general equilibrium) type of applications to Comprehensive Development Plans; Macroeconometric model building for the Japanese economy and its applications with a survey of various models in Japan, including the historic Osaka University ISER (Institute of Social and Economic Research) model and present day Government models. As many Asian economies are going through the stages of development that Japan has experienced over the past few decades, this book will be extremely relevant to them and other developing countries as a reference for years to come.

This important book, prepared under the direction of Nobel Laureate Lawrence R. Klein, shows how economic forecasts are made. It explains how modern developments in information technology have made it possible to forecast frequently - at least monthly but also weekly or bi-weekly - depending upon the perceived needs of potential forecast users and also on the availability of updated material. The book focuses on forecasts in a diverse range of economies including the United States, China, India, Russia, Germany, Japan, South Korea, and Turkey. At a time of great economic uncertainty, this book makes an important contribution by showing how new information technology can be used to prepare national economic forecasts.

This is the very first book to offer seven substantial econometric models of the Chinese economy with the statistical data used, so that the reader will be able to reproduce them all and test them for any policy alternatives. The book presents up-to-date models produced both inside and outside China, so that readers can understand most of the advanced studies of the Chinese economy by Chinese experts at the present time. This is an invaluable reference for graduate students and scholars working on Chinese economic problems.

Financial crises are recurring phenomena that can cause significant economic and societal loss. This book is therefore vitally important as it analyzes why and how financial crises occur, the extent of their impact, and what can be done to prevent their recurrence or reduce the damage they cause. Comprising original and never-before-published papers by distinguished economists, this book offers insights about lessons that were or should have been learned from recent outbreaks of such crises in East Asia and elsewhere. Recent Financial Crises also presents a set of econometric studies of issues such as labor market behavior, investment and productivity, and exchange rate adjustments. Although China did not have a crisis, its economic behavior was closely monitored in order to see if that had any effect on the crisis conditions. In this respect, the book contains an estimation of China's 'core' inflation rate, as well as its 'true' cost of living index, over a 20-year period spanning the Asian financial crisis. In general, collectively, the studies point to a need for ongoing structural reforms to minimize vulnerability to crises or soften their impact. The necessity for resorting to viable safety nets is also stressed. Policymakers and central bankers will find this book of great value, as will scholars and researchers at many levels of academe, involved in financial, business, and international economics.

Whatever the number, domestic violence victims remain far too many for a preventable crime. More and more victims of intimate partner violence are reaching out to police, prosecutors and judges only to be sorely disappointed, even betrayed. While laws and programs have multiplied over the last few decades to address domestic violence, the country is getting safer for almost everyone except for women who have, or have had, abusive male intimate partners. Andrew R. Klein and Jessica L. Klein look at the criminal justice response to domestic violence across America today, ranging from police to prosecutors and courtrooms across the nation. Abetting Batterers reveals the troubling pattern of inattention and incompetence that compromises the safety of women and encourages their male abusers to continue their abuse and violence. Although criminal justice system agencies vary among cities, towns and counties within the same state they all too often relegate domestic violence to the backburners of the system, dismissing victims and ignoring even the most serious and chronic abusers. The variation reveals the real problem in preventing intimate partner violence lies in these agencies’ commitment and will, rather than their ability to do the job. The authors unveil what is working in regard to protecting victims of domestic violence and holding their abusers accountable, and they suggest strategies for ensuring that what is being done right can be replicated and become the law and practice across the nation. The wide variation in how intimate partner violence is handled by similar jurisdictions demonstrates the real problem in preventing  it lies in these agencies’ commitment, rather than ability to do the job. This book proves to be invaluable in understanding what is and is not being done in the reality of domestic violence in America.

Person perception is of great importance in everyday life and human science. Judgment of other people's characteristics and intentions is important for suc cessfully planning actions within a social environment. Questions about the formation of impressions and causal attributions are central to social psychology and the study of diagnostic judgment formation. The field of per son perception deals with questions of how impression formation proceeds, what characteristics and intentions are attributed to other people, and how preformed schemata and stereotypes influence people's first impressions. Research on person perception developed rapidly after the Second World War. In the 1950s the precision and accuracy of person perception received special interest, but the problems concerning whether an individual's assessment of another personality is exact or not could not be solved. Another approach, which began in the 1940s and was derived from the Gestalt psychological tradi tion, dealt with impression formation based on selected social cues. This ap proach, which proved to be very useful, had considerable influence on both the research methods and the theoretical orientation of the research work. On the one hand, by using a combination of individual cues (like physical characteris tics) researchers tried to ascertain how an impression of a person was formed. On the other hand, the Gestalt psychological orientation led to an interest in the process of person perception, which in the last 10 years has concentrated on questions concerning information reception and processing."

Das Konzept des Service Engineering, das Vorgehensweisen und Methoden fA1/4r die schnelle und effiziente Realisierung von Dienstleistungen bietet, findet zunehmend Verbreitung in der Praxis. Um die Verfahren mAglichst gewinnbringend einsetzen zu kAnnen, gilt es, den Dienstleistungsprozess auch durch geeignete Informationssysteme zu unterstA1/4tzen. Dieses Buch gibt einen fundierten Einblick in aktuelle softwaretechnische Konzepte und prAsentiert praktische Erfahrungen aus deren Anwendung bei Entwicklungsprojekten. Es richtet sich gleichermaAen an Praktiker in Dienstleistungsunternehmen und Affentlichen Verwaltungen sowie an Mitarbeiter produzierender Unternehmen, die ihr Dienstleistungsangebot systematisieren und ausbauen wollen.

Expanding Receptive and Expressive Skills through Stories (EXPRESS): Language Formulation in Children with Selective Mutism and Other Communication Needs is a resource that provides a specific treatment approach for professional speech-language pathologists working with children with selective mutism and other language delays or disorders including language learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, or for children learning English as a second language. It is a program for expanding receptive and expressive language skills at varying stages of language development, with five levels of communication to allow the clinician to start at the appropriate level for each child, and progress through the levels.The "EXPRESS" approach includes activity modules corresponding to classic children's stories. Children's literature is used as a tool for presenting activities designed to help children learn specific language skills, and supports the Common Core State Standards. Each of the modules requires the corresponding storybook that can be obtained individually or found within "The 20th Century Children's Book Treasury", a compendium that includes all the stories.Using "EXPRESS", children listen to the stories and through the activities presented acquire key concepts, ideas, and details about the material. Vocabulary is enhanced through drawing, describing, and demonstration. Children also have an opportunity to make inferences from the textual material through the question-answer routines developed for each story. Creativity and imagination are fostered using sentence formulation and story generation. "EXPRESS" also includes forms to help the clinician monitor progress and a PluralPlus companion website with video links to the stories and downloadable items from the book such as activity cards and scoring sheets.

This CTR-Special is on one of the most exciting topics in the neurosciences, the regulation of axonal growth during development and in the injured nervous system by attraction and repulsion. How the specific wiring of billions of neuronal connections is achieved in the brain has been of interest since the days of Cajal, and even earlier. The implications of this topic extend far beyond developmental neurobiology into the fields of applied medicine, clinical neurology and related disciplines. Following the discoveries of Eph receptors and their ligands, semaphorins and netrins, the field has greatly expanded in the past 2 years and continues to grow. Much of the current fascination for some of these molecules is related to their ambiguous roles in axonal growth promotion and repulsion.

Models of the American economy exist in government, research institutes, universities, and private corporations. Given the proliferation, it is wise to take stock because these models come from diverse sources and describe different conditions from alternative points of view. They could be saying different things about the economy. The high-level comparative studies in this volume, gathered from several issues of the International Economic Review, with a substantive introduction and the addition of more comparative material, evaluate the performance of eleven models of the American economy: the Wharton Mark Ill Model; Brookings Model; Hickman-Coen Annual Model; Liu-Hwa Monthly Model; Data Resources, Inc. (DRI) Model; Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Model; Michigan Quarterly Econometric (MOEM) Model; Wharton Annual and Industry Model; Anticipation Version of the Wharton Mark Ill Model/Fair Model; U.S. Department of Commerce (BEA) Model.Each of the proprietors or builders of these models describes his own system in his own words. These studies come closer than ever before to standardizing model operations for testing purposes.Some of the models are monthly, while others are annual. but the quarterly unit of time is the most frequent. Some are demand oriented, others are supply oriented, and focus on the input-output sectors of the economy. Some use only observed. objective data; others use subjective. anticipatory data. Both large and small models are included. In spite of the diversity, the contributors have cooperated to trace the differences between their models to root causes and to report jointly the results of their research. There are also some general papers that look at model performance from outside the CEME group.