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Continuous improvements in technological applications have allowed
more opportunities to develop systems with user-focused designs.
This not only leads to higher success in day-to-day usage, but it
increases the overall probability of technology adoption. Design
Solutions for User-Centric Information Systems provides a
comprehensive examination of the latest strategies and methods for
creating technological systems with end users as the focal point of
the design process. Highlighting innovative practices and
applications across a variety of areas, such as cloud-based
computing services, e-government adoption, and logistics
evaluation, this book is an ideal reference source for computer
engineers, practitioners, project managers, graduate students, and
researchers interested in the enhancement of user-centric
information system development.
This book provides a research-based analysis of public sector
reforms in Pakistan. It offers a broad overview of reforms at
different levels of government - including federal, provincial and
local - and examines decentralization and devolution reforms in
various policy sectors. It also reflects on market-oriented reforms
and the steps taken to involve the private sector to build a
better-governed public sector, and explores new trends in the
public sector in the areas of digitalisation and disaster
management. Bringing together young researchers, academics, and
practitioners, the book sets a new milestone in the movement
towards context-specific reform studies in both academia and the
professional practice of public administration, particularly in
South Asia.
This book is designed to integrate the basic concepts of food
safety with current developments and challenges in food safety and
authentication. The first part describes basics of food safety,
classification of food toxins, regulation and risk assessment. The
second part focuses on particular toxins like mycotoxins, aromatic
amines, heavy metals, pesticides, and polycyclic hydrocarbons.
Recent developments and improvements in the detection of these
contaminants are described. The third part deals with the
authenticity and adulteration of food and food products, a topic
which affects food trade on a national and international level.
This book is a comprehensive analysis of the Taliban, and how it
has affected post-9/11 U.S.-Pakistan relations. It analyzes the
genesis of the Taliban, the rationale behind their emergence and
how they consolidated their rule in Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001.
It examines the U.S. policies towards the Taliban in the post 9/11
era and Pakistan’s role as an ally in their efforts towards
dismantling Taliban rule in Afghanistan—from Obama’s ‘fight
and talk’ policy to the Doha peace agreement in 2020. It also
discusses the outcomes of the Global War on Terror (GWoT), as well
as the Taliban’s response to the U.S.-led ISAF and NATO forces in
Afghanistan. The volume brings into focus Pakistan’s policies
vis-Ã -vis the Taliban following the start of GWoT and how it
pushed the U.S.-Pakistan relations to its lowest ebb; and then its
role in bringing the Taliban to the negotiating table which
resulted in the U.S.-Taliban deal in Doha in February 2020. The
author introduces a ‘new balance of threat’ theory and expands
on its applicability through the Taliban case study. The book will
be of great interest to scholars and researchers of U.S. foreign
policy, international relations, peace and conflict studies,
strategic studies, history, diplomatic studies and South Asian
politics.
This book is a comprehensive analysis of the Taliban, and how it
has affected post-9/11 U.S.-Pakistan relations. It analyzes the
genesis of the Taliban, the rationale behind their emergence and
how they consolidated their rule in Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001.
It examines the U.S. policies towards the Taliban in the post 9/11
era and Pakistan's role as an ally in their efforts towards
dismantling Taliban rule in Afghanistan-from Obama's 'fight and
talk' policy to the Doha peace agreement in 2020. It also discusses
the outcomes of the Global War on Terror (GWoT), as well as the
Taliban's response to the U.S.-led ISAF and NATO forces in
Afghanistan. The volume brings into focus Pakistan's policies
vis-a-vis the Taliban following the start of GWoT and how it pushed
the U.S.-Pakistan relations to its lowest ebb; and then its role in
bringing the Taliban to the negotiating table which resulted in the
U.S.-Taliban deal in Doha in February 2020. The author introduces a
'new balance of threat' theory and expands on its applicability
through the Taliban case study. The book will be of great interest
to scholars and researchers of U.S. foreign policy, international
relations, peace and conflict studies, strategic studies, history,
diplomatic studies and South Asian politics.
Axoplasmic transport is the intracellular movement of cellular
components required for the maintenance and normal physiological
functioning of neuronal cells. This book provides an up to date
reference for both established investigators as well as for those
entering in the field.This volume describes the history and methods
of the study of transport and the involvement of energy, ions,
calmodulin, microtubules and other cellular components in
transport. It also discusses the transport of polypeptides, lipids,
nucleic acids, neutrotransmitter containing components and various
other particles in nerve fibres. A significant portion of this book
is devoted to axoplasmic transport, regeneration and the relevance
of transport in neurotropic functions are described in the alst
four chapters, followed by a discussion on the mechanism of
axoplasmic transport.
This book is designed to integrate the basic concepts of food
safety with current developments and challenges in food safety and
authentication. The first part describes basics of food safety,
classification of food toxins, regulation and risk assessment. The
second part focuses on particular toxins like mycotoxins, aromatic
amines, heavy metals, pesticides, and polycyclic hydrocarbons.
Recent developments and improvements in the detection of these
contaminants are described. The third part deals with the
authenticity and adulteration of food and food products, a topic
which affects food trade on a national and international level.
Zafar Iqbal and Mervyn K. Lewis examine, from an Islamic
perspective, some central issues in public, economic and corporate
governance. Amongst topics analysed are theories of justice,
taxation, budget deficits, Islamic financing modes, public and
private accountability, and corruption. The authors' starting point
is that the Islamic perspective on governance and its differences
from Western approaches requires an understanding of the basic
tenets, philosophy and legal traditions of Islam. They develop the
Islamic position on matters widely acknowledged as being
under-researched in Islamic social enquiry, bringing a fresh and
contemporary slant to governance issues by drawing insights from
modern theory and practice, and combining them with classical and
modern Muslim interpretations. Their analysis explicitly
acknowledges self-interested behaviour, adding a public choice
dimension to the limitations and workability of any governance
arrangements. This unique and highly innovative book will have
strong appeal for those with an interest in Islamic economics,
public policy, banking, and Asian and Middle Eastern studies.
This book provides a research-based analysis of public sector
reforms in Pakistan. It offers a broad overview of reforms at
different levels of government – including federal, provincial
and local – and examines decentralization and devolution reforms
in various policy sectors. It also reflects on market-oriented
reforms and the steps taken to involve the private sector to build
a better-governed public sector, and explores new trends in the
public sector in the areas of digitalisation and disaster
management. Bringing together young researchers, academics, and
practitioners, the book sets a new milestone in the movement
towards context-specific reform studies in both academia and the
professional practice of public administration, particularly in
South Asia.
National Bank of Pakistan (NBP) the central bank of the Pakistan
not only plays a key role in the economic development of the
country but also has significant global influence. National Bank of
Pakistan maintains its position as Pakistan's premier bank
determined to set higher standards of achievements. It is the major
business partner for the Government of Pakistan with special
emphasis on fostering Pakistan's economic growth through aggressive
and balanced lending policies, technologically oriented products
and services offered through its large network of branches locally,
internationally and representative offices. The study cover all
aspects of NBP e.g. Products, services and financial statement
analysis of NBP year 2009. NBP is facing some problem like
Ineffective Utilization of Assets, Complex Procedure and
Dissatisfaction of Customer, High Cost Due to Duplication and Over
Staffing, Liquidity Problem. These all can be control by
Advertisement of Products and Services, Decentralization and New
Technology, Utilization of Resources, Restructuring of Operations
and Human Resource System.
Bangldesh has numerous rivers which are carried out over it. Among
these rivers, only three rivers are dominated all over the country
which are comes from Himalaya. Due to the denudation process, about
2 billion tones of sediments are carried per year, and about 40% of
them are deposited in fluvial system and forming numerous bar. The
most of the bar deposits along the three major rivers (The Padma,
The Brahmaputra-Jamuna and The Meghna) are comprises heavy and
light minerals. The heavy minerals are consist of non-opaque
(zircon, tourmaline, rutile, epidote, staurolite, garnet, chlorite,
monazite, biotite, hornblende, kyanite and leucoxene) and opaque
(ilmenite, magnetite, hematite, and limonite). But this report is
mainly emphasis on five economic minerals concentration, variation
and their reserve. A total of 4,54,253 tons of crude sands
containing 1,58,988 tons of heavy minerals are available in the
Alatuli char deposits of the Padma River. In the Mahongonj char,
total of 6,11,632 tons crude sand containing 1,10,093 tons of heavy
minerals. And in the Srinagar char of the Meghna River, the total
of 2,97,768 tons crude sand containing 41,687 ton of heavy
minerals.
This is a textbook on English Language Teaching Methodology which
was a task-based, communicative approach to deal with concepts and
theories.Deductive learning is essential. First, the teacher gives
rules explicitly then the rules are reinforced with examples and
exercises. Translation is the way to learn the language. Oral
communication is not primarily important. Written language is
superior to spoken language. Students also learn the structure of
their own native language. Those who study a foreign language
become more cultured and intellectual. It is obvious that the
learning outcome of an English classroom can be bettered when the
teacher employs the aid of many an ELT method of evaluating his/her
classroom experiences. Of these methods, observation has been given
much prominence in the recent years since it continues to happen
not only during the limited hours of actual language teaching but
also starts before the lesson in the classroom and even after
class. It is common knowledge that in one way or the other almost
all teachers engage themselves in observation though it is not
well-orchestrated.
Contagious Caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is major threat to goat
population world wide particularly in African countries, Middle
East and subcontinent including Pakistan and Afghanistan. CCPP is
caused by Mycoplasma mycoides cluster consist of six different spp
having different lethal outcome. The diagnosis of this fatal
disease is very difficult due to several constrains. The present
study provides valuable information for the rapid and accurate
diagnosis of this disease for both veterinary professional and
researchers. PCR technique is more reliable and sensitive tools for
diagnosis of CCPP. The Mycoplasma mycoides capri was isolated and
identified from lungs tissues of infected goats. The disease was
efficiently reproduced in experimental animals that adopted acute
septicemic form with lethal outcomes. Immunohistochemical technique
was first time optimized in Pakistan for detection of antigen
within the tissues. The findings of this study will paved way for
the preparation of vaccine from the field strain that would be used
for effective eradication of this devastating disease from the goat
population.
Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill is one of the oldest crops of the
world. Nutritionally, soybean seed has been considered to be the
best of all pulses because of its high protein contents. Today, it
is the largest source of oil for human consumption as well as
protein for livestock feed. This book reviews the soybean crop, its
nutritive value, seed description, anatomy and growth, nodulation,
complete production technology and various biotic diseases. This
book also covers part of original research on biological control of
charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) (Tassi.) Goid of soybean.
Grazing animals under natural conditions obtain their minerals
nutrition from plants. Insufficient amount of mineral intake
decreases the productivity in animals. For the proper diet it is
essential to maintain the minerals level of animals' body, forages
and soil, which are the main sources of minerals for the nutrition
of the livestock. Growth and health of livestock are considerably
affected due to malnutrition. Presently we are facing accumulation
of heavy metals including zinc, nickel, cadmium, lead, chromium,
copper and cobalt in the soil and water pollution. The mineral
concentration is a basic tool for determining the mineral status of
livestock and food by which various measures for supplementation to
ruminants could be adopted. The goal of present study was to find
out the mineral deficiencies or excesses for grazing livestock so
that the forages can meet requirements for better productivity of
livestock. These suggestions would not only be useful for livestock
owners in Pakistan but also helpful for the natives of neighbouring
Asian countries having similar ecological conditions in order to
implement effective mineral supplementation strategy by different
agencies.
Air pollution in the cities can be attributed to incomplete
combustion of fuel and use of badly and not properly maintained
vehicles. Plants growing in such polluted environment or close to
busy roads are found highly affected due to vehicular exhaust
emission. The phenology, periodicity and productivity of plants
growing close to the busy roads are highly affected. The
problematic areas of toxic effects of hydrocarbon, oxides of
nitrogen & sulfur, CO, particulate matter, heavy metals and
specially lead and cadmium are highly toxic for normal growth of
plants reported. The toxicity and tolerance to some heavy metals
such as lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, nickel and iron in plants are
commonly reported by researchers. The accumulation and use of plant
as a bioindicator of pollutant can help in understanding the
current level of pollutants in the environment. n attempt has been
made to Information embodied in this book can be helpful for people
working for the betterment of the immediate environment.
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