This issue of Nursing Clinics of North America is Guest Edited by Al Rundio, RN, at Drexel University and will focus on Addictions. Article topics will include Office-Based Opioid Treatment, Addictions and Pregnancy, Peer Assistance, Relapse Prevention for Addictions, Adolescents and Addiction, Use of Photo Voice in Addictions, Health Promotion and Prevention Strategies, Maintaining Sobriety and Recovery, and SBIRT (Screening Brief Interventio and Treatment.)

The most important writings on the psychoanalytic understandings and treatments of drug and vice addiction Drug abuse, alcoholism, compulsive gambling, and other destructive addictions plague our society. Theories of addiction locate its cause variously-in factors related to the substance, the addict's personality, or to the addict's environment. Arguments about effective treatment programs are fierce. Essential Papers on Addiction presents the most important writing and the various sides of the debate on the psychoanalytic understanding and treatment of addiction. Daniel Yalisove outlines the history of the treatment of addiction and introduces important psychoanalytic concepts used in understanding addicts. The book includes case studies which illustrate the course of addiction and presents the work of the most influential theorists in the field. Divided into eight sections focusing on historical work on addiction, psychoanalytic theories of addiction, transference and countertransference issues in treating addiction, psychoanalytic treatment for the addictions, psychoanalytic therapy and disease concepts, and psychiatric illness and addiction, this definitive volume includes contributions by the most experienced and renowned experts on the subject. Contributors include S. Freud, E. Glover, S. Rado, R. P. Knight, L. Wurmser, N. E. Zinberg, H. Krystal, D. Jacobs, R. Fine, J. Gustafson, C. L. Brown, M. L. Selzer, V. Davidson, J. Imhof, R. Hirsch, R. E. Terenzi, M. E. Chafetz, A. Silber, R. J. Rosenthal, E. M. Pattison, M. B. Sobell, L. C. Sobell, J. E. Zweben, E. Simmel, B. Brickman, E. J. Khantzian, R. D. Weiss, S. M. Mirin, A. T. McLellan, and H. J. Richards.

"Keane's work is thoughtful and thought provoking and incorporates elements of medical history and philosophy."--"Psychiatric Services"

"A theoretically engaging exploration of the arbitrariness of the field of addiction studies."
--Robert Granfield, co-author of "Coming Clean"

We assume that there is something wrong with addiction. But how exactly is it bad to be an addict? What's Wrong with Addiction? explores the ways in which our views of addiction categorize certain ways of being as unnatural, diseased, and self-destructive, often working to reinforce existing social hierarchies. Under the rubric of addiction, pleasure and desire are demonized, while the addict is viewed as damaged and in need of physical and moral rectificaiton.

Keane examines the ambiguities in medical science's quest to construct addiction in chemical and biological terms, revealing the strains in the oppositions between disease and health, and addiction and normality. She demonstrates how these strains have become more insistent as the net of addiction has spread wider, moving beyond chemical substances to other problems of consumption and conduct such as compulsive eating and sex addiction. The book also critically examines the ideals of health, freedom, and happiness found in popular self-help literature, suggesting that it is the practices of self-surveillance and self-interrogation promoted in recovery guides which actually produce the inner self as an object of concern.

This issue of Nursing Clinics includes the following topics: Nursing interventions for smoking cessation; tobacco cessation clinics; Cessation strategies for pregnant and postpartum mothers; Evidence-based cessation strategies and policies for college-age smokers; Evidence-based cessation strategies for rural communities; Gender differences and tobacco cessation; Optimizing tobacco cessation outcomes; Community based participatory research and cessation interventions; Use of quit-lines for cessation; Advocacy and smoke-free laws; Hookah use in adolescents and adults; Chewing tobacco; and E-cigarettes.

This completely new and updated issue takes a focused look at addiction psychiatry in three sections: Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and New Directions. Dr. Danovitch, from Cedars-Sinai and Dr. Mariani from Columbia hone in on the most rapidly advancing and relevant areas of addiction for practitioners today, from defining addiction (implications of DSM-V), to genetics and neurobiology, to specific treatment options for a variety of patient populations: for pregnant women, adolescents, and patients suffering from chronic pain, for example.? A variety of addiction types are discussed (ie, opioid, stimulant, and cannabis).? The issue closes with discussions of emerging trends, systems of care, investigational therapeutics and the role of the criminal justice system.

Substance use disorders occur in 10% to 20% of patients presenting to the primary care physician, and rates are increasing. Primary care physicians are therefore in an excellent position to screen, provide early intervention, or refer patients to specialty care. This issue covers several types of substance abuse-including alcohol, prescription drugs, and recreational drugs-and gives detailed information on screening for and treating these problems.

With recent advances of modern medicine more people reach the "elderly age" around the globe and the number of dementia cases are ever increasing. This book is about various aspects of dementia and provides its readers with a wide range of thought-provoking sub-topics in the field of dementia. The ultimate goal of this monograph is to stimulate other physicians' and neuroscientists' interest to carry out more research projects into pathogenesis of this devastating group of diseases.

Using an innovative translational approach between the work of experimental scientists and clinical practitioners this book addresses the current, modest, understanding of how and why addiction treatment works. Through bridging this gap it provides a critical insight into why people react as they do in the context of addiction treatment.

The primary purpose of this book and its companion volume The Neuropharmacology of Nicotine Dependence is to explore the ways in which recent studies on nicotine and its role in tobacco addiction have opened our eyes to the psychopharmacological properties of this unique and fascinating drug. While the present volume considers the molecular and genetic factors which influence behavioral responses to nicotine and how these may impact on the role of nicotine in tobacco dependence, the book The Neuropharmacology of Nicotine Dependence focuses on the complex neural and psychological mechanisms that mediate nicotine dependence in experimental animal models and their relationship to tobacco addiction in humans. These volumes will provide readers with a contemporary overview of current research on nicotine psychopharmacology and its role in tobacco dependence from leaders in this field of research and will hopefully prove valuable to those who are developing their own research programmes in this important topic.

Drug abuse and addiction are common in clinical practice. Often they interfere with patient treatment or require an alternative approach. Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment is a major contribution to the literature, a gold standard title offering a comprehensive range of topics for those who care for patients with addiction, conduct research in this area, or simply have an interest in the field. Offering state-of-the-art information for all those working with drug abusing or addicted patients, or for those interested in this topic from other research perspectives, the volume is a first of its kind book -- rich, comprehensive, yet focused, addressing the needs of the very active theoretical, basic, and clinical research in the field. Comprised of 46 chapters organized in four sections and developed by the leading international experts, Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment covers virtually every core, as well as contemporary, topic on addiction, from the established theories to the most modern research and development in the field. Enhancing the educational value of the volume, every chapter includes an abstract and two boxes summarizing learning objectives and directions for future research. Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment discusses the topic in a authoritative, systematic manner and is an indispensable reference for all clinicians and researchers interested in this rapidly changing field.

It describes the process of solution-focused intervention in a step-by-step fashion and includes case examples, sample assessment forms, and advice for how this approach can be adapted to a variety of service programs.

1. Metabolism of Ethanol.- 1.1. Pathways of Ethanol Oxidation.- 1.2. Alteration in the Metabolism of Ethanol after Chronic Ethanol Consumption.- 1.3. Effects of Liver Disease, Blood Flow, Circadian Rhythm, Gender, and Other Factors on Hepatic Alcohol Metabolism.- 1.4. Effects of Other Drugs on Ethanol Metabolism.- 1.5. Ethnic and Genetic Factors in Ethanol Metabolism.- 1.6. Extrahepatic Ethanol Metabolism.- 1.7. Summary.- References.- 2. Acetaldehyde and Acetate.- 2.1. Pathways of Acetaldehyde and Acetate Metabolism.- 2.2. Effect of Chronic Ethanol Consumption on Acetaldehyde and Acetate Metabolism.- 2.3. Effect of Liver Injury on Acetaldehyde Metabolism.- 2.4. Effects Attributable to Acetaldehyde and Acetate after Acute and Chronic Ethanol Consumption.- 2.5. Summary.- References.- 3. Alcohol, Hormones, and Metabolism.- 3.1. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroidal Axis.- 3.2. Parathormone and Calcitonin.- 3.3. Adrenocortical Function: Glucocorticoid Secretion.- 3.4. Adrenocortical Function: Mineralocorticoid Secretion.- 3.5. Adrenal Medullary Function.- 3.6. Growth Hormone.- 3.7. Antidiuretic Hormone and Oxytocin.- 3.8. Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Hormones.- 3.9. Alteration of Carbohydrate Metabolism by Alcohol.- 3.10. Effects of Ethanol on Ketone Metabolism.- 3.11. Alcoholic Ketoacidosis.- 3.12. Hyperlactacidemia and Lactic Acidosis.- 3.13. Alcoholic Hyperuricemia and Its Relationship to Gouty Attacks.- References.- 4. Ethanol and Lipid Disorders, Including Fatty Liver, Hyperlipemia, and Atherosclerosis.- 4.1. Interaction of the Metabolism of Ethanol and Lipids.- 4.2. Pathogenesis of the Alcoholic Fatty Liver.- 4.3. Agents and Procedures that Prevent the Alcoholic Fatty Liver.- 4.4. Effects of Ethanol on Blood Lipids: Characteristics and Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Hyperlipemia.- 4.5. Ethanol, Atherosclerosis, and High-Density Lipoproteins.- 4.6. Interaction of Ethanol with Vascular Prostacyclin Production.- 4.7. Summary.- References.- 5. Effects of Ethanol on Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism.- 5.1. Effects of Ethanol on Nitrogen Balance and Body Protein Composition.- 5.2. Effects of Ethanol on Amino Acids.- 5.3. Effects of Ethanol on Hepatic Protein Synthesis.- 5.4. Effects of Ethanol on Hepatic Protein Secretion.- 5.5. Effects of Ethanol on Hepatic Protein Catabolism.- 5.6. Hepatic Accumulation of Protein after Chronic Ethanol Feeding.- 5.7. Dietary Requirements for Protein in the Alcoholic.- 5.8. Summary.- References.- 6. Interaction of Ethanol with Other Drugs.- 6.1. Interaction with Drug Absorption.- 6.2. Interaction with Plasma Protein Binding.- 6.3. Interaction with Hepatic Blood Flow.- 6.4. Interaction with Hepatic Cell Uptake.- 6.5. Interaction with Hepatic Metabolism.- 6.6. Pharmacological Interactions.- 6.7. Summary and Therapeutic Guidelines.- References.- 7. Alcohol and the Liver.- 7.1. Epidemiology of Alcoholic Liver Disease.- 7.2. Pathology and Symptomatology of the Various Stages of Alcoholic Liver Injury.- 7.3. Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Injury.- 7.4. Diagnosis of Alcoholic Liver Injury.- 7.5. Prognosis and Treatment of Alcholic Liver Injury.- References.- 8. Alcohol and the Hematologic System.- 8.1. Red Cells.- 8.2. Platelets.- 8.3. Granulocytes.- 8.4. Monocytes and Macrophages.- 8.5. Lymphocytes.- 8.6. Other Factors Favoring Infection.- 8.7. Summary.- References.- 9. Immunologic Reactions in Alcoholic Liver Disease.- 9.1. Morphological Considerations.- 9.2. Genetic Factors.- 9.3. Immunoglobulins, Antibodies, and Immune Complexes.- 9.4. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV).- 9.5. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV).- 9.6. Serum Factors and Cytokine Activity.- 9.7. Cell-Mediated Alterations.- 9.8. Abnormal Antigen Expression on Liver Cells.- 9.9. Alcohol and Alteration of the Immune Response in Alcoholics without ALD.- 9.10. Summary.- References.- 10. Alcohol and the Digestive Tract.- 10.1. Introduction.- 10.2. Oropharynx and Salivary Glands.- 10.3. Esophagus.- 10.4. Stomach.- 10.5. Effect of Alcohol on the Small Intestine.- 10.6...

RESEARCH FINDINGS: Drugs in the Workplace: Extent and Impact of Alcohol and Drug Usage/Problems in the Workplace/Workforce (J. Martin). Predictors of Drug Use and Implications for the Workplace (M. Newcomb). Drug Testing Programs: Drug Testing Methods and Interpretation of Results (B. Kapur). The Impact and Effectiveness of Drug Testing Programs in the Workplace (S. Macdonald). Legal Issues: Some Legal Aspects of Drug Testing in the Canadian Workplace (M. Pinsonneault). Constitutional and Statuatory Treatment of Drug Testing in the United States (R.L. Lieberwitz). Other Workplace Programs: Behavioral Tests to Assess Performance (B. Butler). Alternatives to Drug Testing (M. Shain). PERSPECTIVES ON DRUG TESTING: Unions' Perspective on Workplace Drug Testing (S. Alvi). Drug Testing, the War on Drugs, Workers, and the Workplace (J. Blackwell). 5 additional articles. Index.

"Perioperative Addiction" addresses an issue that every anesthesiologist will encounter many times during the course of his or her career: the patient who arrives for operative care under the influence of legal or illegal drugs. The editors and contributors provide expert guidance on how to identify and manage the addicted patient, approaching the subject from the vantage points of the specific drug and of special patient populations.

Features:

Guidance for spotting and managing addicted patients

All common and important drugs of addiction, from opioids, cocaine, club drugs, and alcohol, to tobacco, marijuana, nitrous oxide, inhalants, and propofol

Special populations, including pregnant women, pain patients, adolescents, older patients, and healthcare professionals

Fascinating overview of the long history of addiction

Genetic basis of addiction, and the range of pharmacological treatments for addiction

Get high. Become addicted. Commit crimes. Get arrested and be sent to jail. Get released. Repeat. It's a cycle often destined to persist, in large part because the critical step that is often missing in the process, which is treatment geared toward ensuring that addicts are able to reenter society without the constant threat of imminent relapse. The Handbook of Evidence-Based Substance Abuse Treatment in Criminal Justice Settings probes the efficacy of corrections-based drug interventions, particularly behavioral treatment. With straightforward interpretation of data that reveals what works, what doesn't, and what needs further study, this volume navigates readers through the criminal justice system, the history of drug treatment for offenders, and the practical problems of program design and implementation. Probation and parole issues as well as concerns specific to special populations such as women, juvenile offenders, and inmates living with HIV/AIDS are also examined in detail. The Handbook's wide-ranging coverage includes: * Biology and genetics of the addicted brain. * Case management for substance-abusing offenders. * Integrated treatment for drug abuse and mental illness. * Evidence-based responses to impaired driving. * Monitoring technology and alternatives to incarceration. * The use of pharmacotherapy in rehabilitation. This must-have reference work is a comprehensive and timely resource for clinicians, researchers, and graduate students across a variety of disciplines including clinical psychology, criminology and criminal justice, counseling, and educational policy makers.

One of the few books on the topic, this updated edition offers alternatives to disease models of addiction by exploring personal pathways to recovery. Focusing on alcohol and drug problems, it provides a literature review of 40 years of studies on self-change with particular emphasis on the current decade and methodological issues (starting with how much or how little treatment constitutes "treatment"). The 24 experts keep the coverage consistently readable, and dozens of brief narratives from individuals who have successfully recovered from an addictive behavior without formal help lend valuable personal perspectives.

A psychiatrist examines how the world's four most important mind-altering substances- alcohol, cocaine, nicotine, and opiates-have played a significant role throughout human history, and explains how these powerful drugs affect the brain and cause addiction. Alcohol, cocaine, nicotine, and opiates have spurred some of the greatest human pleasure and pain across time. Providing information that ranges as widely as from ancient Egypt to modern times, this book comprehensively addresses the good, the bad, and the very ugliest aspects of these substances, examining their history, their effects on the brain and body, and on civilization itself. Frances R. Frankenburg, MD, employs accessible, everyday language to explain the neurology of addiction and describe how these "brain-robbing" substances work to hijack the brain's pleasure systems to create powerful addictions. The author also provides perspective into the intertwined, inescapable, and often uneasy relationship between these substances and human culture, economics, and politics-for example, how individuals become physically or psychologically addicted to alcohol, cocaine, nicotine, and opiates, while governments become financially "addicted" to the revenue, such as taxes, that can be collected from the sale and use of these substances. Presents a historical review of four plant-derived drugs-alcohol, cocaine, nicotine, and opiates-and their effects throughout human civilization, as well as a fascinating exploration of the mystery and misery of addiction Provides comprehensive explanations of medical and psychiatric effects of these drugs Supplies stories of people who made discoveries about these drugs or who had their lives altered by them Describes the discovery of the way in which the brain works Includes illustrations of brain pathways and of the four plants of origin for these drugs, and maps showing drug trade triangles