This book develops concepts and a methodology for a rational description of the organization of three-dimensional flows considering, in particular, the case where the flow is the place of separations. The descriptive analysis based on the critical point theory of Poincare develops conventional but rather unfamiliar considerations from aerodynamicists, who face the understanding of complex flows including multiple separation lines and vortices. These problems concern industrial sectors where aerodynamics plays a key role, such as aerospace, ground vehicles, buildings, etc.

Contents

1. Skin Friction Lines Pattern and Critical Points.2. Separation Streamsurfaces and Vortex Structures.3. Separated Flow on a Body.4. Vortex Wake of Wings and Slender Bodies.5. Separation Induced by an Obstacle or a Blunt Body.6. Reconsideration of the Two-Dimensional Separation.7. Concluding Remarks.

About the Authors

Jean Delery is a Supaero (French National Higher School of Aeronautics and Space) engineer who has worked at Onera (French national aerospace research center) since 1964. He has participated in several major French and European aerospace programs, is the author of many scientific publications, and has occupied various teaching positions particularly at Supaero, the University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin, Ecole polytechnique in France and "La Sapienza" University in Rome, Italy. He is currently emeritus adviser at Onera.

Challenging problems involvrllg jet and plume phenomena are common to many areas of fundamental and applied scientific research, and an understanding of plume and jet behaviour is essential in many geophysical and industrial contexts. For example, in the field of meteorology, where pollutant dispersal takes place by means of atmospheric jets and plumes formed either naturally under conditions of convectively-driven flow in the atmospheric boundary layer, or anthropogenically by the release of pollutants from tall chimneys. In other fields of geophysics, buoyant plumes and jets are known to play important roles in oceanic mixing processes, both at the relatively large scale (as in deep water formation by convective sinking) and at the relatively small scale (as with plume formation beneath ice leads, for example). In the industrial context, the performances of many engineering systems are determined primarily by the behaviour of buoyant plumes and jets. For example, (i) in sea outfalls, where either sewage or thermal effluents are discharged into marine and/or freshwater environments, (ii) in solar ponds, where buoyant jets are released under density interfaces, (iii) in buildings, where thermally-generated plumes affect the air quality and ventilation properties of architectural environments, (iv) in rotating machinery where fluid jet~ are used for cooling purposes, and (v) in long road and rail tunnels, where safety and ventilation prcedures rely upon an understanding of the behaviour of buoyant jets. In many other engineering and oceanographic contexts, the properties of jets and plumes are of great importance.

Explosions, and the non-steady shock propagation associated with them, continue to interest researchers working in different fields of physics and engineering (such as astrophysics and fusion). Based on the author's course in shock dynamics, this book describes the various analytical methods developed to determine non-steady shock propagation. These methods offer a simple alternative to the direct numerical integration of the Euler equations and offer a better insight into the physics of the problem. Professor Lee presents the subject systematically and in a style that is accessible to graduate students and researchers working in shock dynamics, combustion, high-speed aerodynamics, propulsion and related topics.

They were in a two-man race to break the sound barrier. It was October 1947, a time before high-speed digital computers, when predictions of what would happen to fighter planes at such speeds were nebulous. Chuck Yeager and George Welch, two great fighter pilots from World War II, were about to explore the unknown in the bright blue sky over the Mojave Desert. Aces Wild: The Race for Mach 1 is the story of these two courageous men who dueled to become the first to fly at supersonic speed, Mach 1, in an aircraft. The book attempts to set the record straight as to who actually broke the sound barrier first. One pilot, the more celebrated of the duo, is still alive today. Aces Wild also tells the story of the other aviator, George Welch, who lost his life in 1954 while once again flying beyond the technological wisdom of his day over the Mojave Desert. Aces Wild traces the story of fighter planes from the start of World War II at Pearl Harbor through the transition to jets in the 1950s. The author reveals the views of supersonic flight before and after 1947 by pilots, scientists, engineers, business interests, the government, and the media. This dramatic tale will appeal to aviation buffs and all readers, especially those who enjoyed Tom Wolfe's The Right Stuff.

Presenting research papers contributed by experts in dynamics and control, Advances in Dynamics and Control examines new ideas, reviews the latest results, and investigates emerging directions in the rapidly-growing field of aviation and aerospace.
Exploring a wide range of topics, key areas discussed include:
* rotorcraft dynamics
* stabilization of unstable aircraft
* spacecraft
* satellite dynamics and control
* missile auto-pilot and guidance design
* hybrid systems dynamics and control
* structural and acoustic modeling.
Impeccably-researched and expertly-written, this text is a valuable reference for graduate students and scientific workers in universities and industry.

This definitive text describes the theory and design both of Air Cushion Vehicles (ACV) and Surface Effect Ships (SES). It begins by introducing hovercraft types and their development and application throughout the world in the last three decades, before going on to discuss the theoretical aspects of ACV and SES craft covering their hovering performance, dynamic trim over calm water, resistance, stability, manoeuvrability, skirt configuration and analysis of forces acting on the skirts, ACV and SES seakeeping, and the methodology of scaling aerodynamic and hydrodynamic forces acting on the ACV/SES from model test data.
The latter chapters describe a design methodology, including design criteria and standard methods for estimating craft performance, lift system design, skirt design, hull structure, propulsion systems and power unit selection. Much technical information, data, and references to further work on hovercraft and SES design is provided. The book will be a useful reference to engineers, technicians, teachers, students (both undergraduate and postgraduate), operators etc. who are involved in ACV/SES research, design, construction and operation.
Guides the reader on how to perform machinery and systems selection within ACV and SES overall design
For teachers, students (both at under- and post-graduate level), engineers and technicians involved in ACV/SES

Airflow examines and describes the many ways in which modellers and practitioners of a wide range of hobbies and sports (even cricket!) can understand and confront, harness and exploit the physical properties of wind and air. The book's admirable breadth and depth offers something not only for students of many science and technical subjects, but also to the hobbyists and disciples of 'alternative energy'. The book will be of particular interest to the increasing number of people who are hooked on the thrill and excitement of sports such as yachting, aeromodelling, ballooning, car racing, parachuting, kite flying, boomerang throwing, hang gliding, soaring in sailplanes and power flying.

The Second International Computational Wind Engineering Symposium was held in Colorado, USA during August 1996 and presented papers on the popular application of CFD concepts. These proceedings contain a set of invited papers providing state-of-the-art reviews on subjects such as CFD turbulence models, bluff body aerodynamics, terrain aerodynamics and building aerodynamics. Individual session papers reflect on recent methodologies and innovations on CFD techniques applied to flow about bluff bodies immersed in shear layers, bridge aerodynamics, air pollution aerodynamics, mesoscale predictions of flow over complex terrain and the application of advanced numerical method strategies to these topics.

Recent government and commercial efforts to develop orbital and suborbital passenger and transport aircraft have resulted in a burgeoning of new research. The articles in this book, translated from Russian, were contributed by the world's leading authorities on supersonic and hypersonic flows and heat transfer. This superb book addresses the physics and engineering aspects of ultra high-speed aerodynamic problems. Thorough coverage is given to an array of specific problem-solving equations.
Super- and Hypersonic Aerodynamics and Heat Transfer will be essential reading for all aeronautical engineers, mechanical engineers, mathematicians, and physicists involved in this exciting field of research.

Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics is widely appreciated as an easily accessible, rounded introduction to the first principles of the aerodynamics of helicopter flight. Simon Newman has brought this third edition completely up to date with a full new set of illustrations and imagery. An accompanying website www.wiley.com/go/seddon contains all the calculation files used in the book, problems, solutions, PPT slides and supporting MATLAB(R) code. Simon Newman addresses the unique considerations applicable to rotor UAVs and MAVs, and coverage of blade dynamics is expanded to include both flapping, lagging and ground resonance. New material is included on blade tip design, flow characteristics surrounding the rotor in forward flight, tail rotors, brown-out, blade sailing and shipborne operations. Concentrating on the well-known Sikorsky configuration of single main rotor with tail rotor, early chapters deal with the aerodynamics of the rotor in hover, vertical flight, forward flight and climb. Analysis of these motions is developed to the stage of obtaining the principal results for thrust, power and associated quantities. Later chapters turn to the characteristics of the overall helicopter, its performance, stability and control, and the important field of aerodynamic research is discussed, with some reference also to aerodynamic design practice. This introductory level treatment to the aerodynamics of helicopter flight will appeal to aircraft design engineers and undergraduate and graduate students in aircraft design, as well as practising engineers looking for an introduction to or refresher course on the subject.

The Book The behaviour of helicopters and tiltrotor aircraft is so complex that understanding the physical mechanisms at work in trim, stability and response, and thus the prediction of Flying Qualities, requires a framework of analytical and numerical modelling and simulation. Good Flying Qualities are vital for ensuring that mission performance is achievable with safety and, in the first and second editions of Helicopter Flight Dynamics, a comprehensive treatment of design criteria was presented, relating to both normal and degraded Flying Qualities. Fully embracing the consequences of Degraded Flying Qualities during the design phase will contribute positively to safety. In this third edition, two new Chapters are included. Chapter 9 takes the reader on a journey from the origins of the story of Flying Qualities, tracing key contributions to the developing maturity and to the current position. Chapter 10 provides a comprehensive treatment of the Flight Dynamics of tiltrotor aircraft; informed by research activities and the limited data on operational aircraft. Many of the unique behavioural characteristics of tiltrotors are revealed for the first time in this book. The accurate prediction and assessment of Flying Qualities draws on the modelling and simulation discipline on the one hand and testing practice on the other. Checking predictions in flight requires clearly defined mission tasks, derived from realistic performance requirements. High fidelity simulations also form the basis for the design of stability and control augmentation systems, essential for conferring Level 1 Flying Qualities. The integrated description of flight dynamic modelling, simulation and flying qualities of rotorcraft forms the subject of this book, which will be of interest to engineers practising and honing their skills in research laboratories, academia and manufacturing industries, test pilots and flight test engineers, and as a reference for graduate and postgraduate students in aerospace engineering.

Automotive Aerodynamics Joseph Katz, San Diego State University, USA The automobile is an icon of modern technology because it includes most aspects of modern engineering, and it offers an exciting approach to engineering education. Of course there are many existing books on introductory fluid/aero dynamics but the majority of these are too long, focussed on aerospace and don t adequately cover the basics. Therefore, there is room and a need for a concise, introductory textbook in this area. Automotive Aerodynamics fulfils this need and is an introductory textbook intended as a first course in the complex field of aero/fluid mechanics for engineering students. It introduces basic concepts and fluid properties, and covers fluid dynamic equations. Examples of automotive aerodynamics are included and the principles of computational fluid dynamics are introduced. This text also includes topics such as aeroacoustics and heat transfer which are important to engineering students and are closely related to the main topic of aero/fluid mechanics. This textbook contains complex mathematics, which not only serve as the foundation for future studies but also provide a road map for the present text. As the chapters evolve, focus is placed on more applicable examples, which can be solved in class using elementary algebra. The approach taken is designed to make the mathematics more approachable and easier to understand. Key features: Concise textbook which provides an introduction to fluid mechanics and aerodynamics, with automotive applications Written by a leading author in the field who has experience working with motor sports teams in industry Explains basic concepts and equations before progressing to cover more advanced topics Covers internal and external flows for automotive applications Covers emerging areas of aeroacoustics and heat transfer Automotive Aerodynamics is a must-have textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in automotive and mechanical engineering, and is also a concise reference for engineers in industry.

Prepared and peer-reviewed by some of the foremost experts in the field, this easy-to-use pocket reference offers a wealth of information relating to wind energy and wind energy technologies. Topics covered range from wind resources to wind turbines, covering offshore and onshore power, both stand-alone and grid-connected. The book also includes vital information on international economic support schemes and incentives and environmental issues and is peppered throughout with helpful illustrations, equations and explanations. Renewable energy professionals, students and wind energy entrepreneurs amongst others will find a host of answers in this essential book - a practical assimilation of data, fundamentals and guidelines for application.

Designed to prepare students to become aeronautical engineers who can face new and challenging situations. Retaining the same philosophy as the two preceding editions, this update emphasizes basic principles rooted in the physics of flight, essential analytical techniques along with typical stability and control realities. This edition features a full set of exercises and a complete Solution's Manual. In keeping with current industry practice, flight equations are presented in dimensional state-vector form. The chapter on closed-loop control has been greatly expanded with details on automatic flight control systems. Uses a real jet transport (the Boeing 747) for many numerical and worked-out examples.

Results of experimental research on aerodynamic and acoustic control of subsonic turbulent jets by acoustic excitation are presented. It was demonstrated that these control methods, originated by authors, not only can intensify mixing (by acoustic irradiation at low frequency), but also notably ease it (at high-frequency irradiation). This research monograph presents the updated results of the authors supplemented by other investigations conducted in USA, Germany and Great Britain. The methods for the numerical simulation of subsonic turbulent jets under acoustic excitation are described in detail, and examples are reviewed of practical applications, including reduction of turbojet engine noise and acoustic control of self-sustained oscillations in wind tunnels.

The book includes the research papers presented in the final conference of the EU funded SARISTU (Smart Intelligent Aircraft Structures) project, held at Moscow, Russia between 19-21 of May 2015. The SARISTU project, which was launched in September 2011, developed and tested a variety of individual applications as well as their combinations. With a strong focus on actual physical integration and subsequent material and structural testing, SARISTU has been responsible for important progress on the route to industrialization of structure integrated functionalities such as Conformal Morphing, Structural Health Monitoring and Nanocomposites. The gap- and edge-free deformation of aerodynamic surfaces known as conformal morphing has gained previously unrealized capabilities such as inherent de-icing, erosion protection and lightning strike protection, while at the same time the technological risk has been greatly reduced. Individual structural health monitoring techniques can now be applied at the part-manufacturing level rather than via extending an aircraft's time in the final assembly line. And nanocomposites no longer lose their improved properties when trying to upscale from neat resin testing to full laminate testing at element level. As such, this book familiarizes the reader with the most significant develo pments, achievements and key technological steps which have been made possible through the four-year long cooperation of 64 leading entities from 16 different countries with the financial support of the European Commission.

The management of vortices and separation behind the bodies at high angles of attack is important for high maneuvrability of airplanes and other fluid dynamic apparatus. The recent international developments in the fundamental sciences and the application to the control of fluid behaviours were presented at the IUTAM Symposium on Fluid Dynamics of High Angle of Attack in September 1992 in Tokyo and documented in this volume.

Tbe task of defining the aerothermodynamic environment for a vehicle flying through the air at hypersonic speeds offers diverse challenges to the designer. He must integrate a wide variety of scientific and technical disciplines, blending mathematical modeling, computational methods, and experimental measurements. Many of the manned reentry vehicles are relatively blunt or fly at very high angles of attack (so that the drag is relatively large) and enter the atmosphere at a relatively low entry angle. As a result, the hypersonic deceleration occurs at very high altitudes. Because the conversion of kinetic energy to internal energy modes occurs in a low density environment, the flow-field chemistry is an im portant consideration. Experiments on the U. S. Space Shuttle demonstrated the importance of nonequilibrium flow and surface catalycity on the heating to the vehicle. To determine the aerothermodynamic environment of other vehicles op erating hypersonically at very high altitudes, e. g., the Aero-Assisted Space Transfer Vehicle, the designer may have to consider viscous/inviscid interactions and the modeling of noncontinuum flows. Configurations that have a relatively high ballistic coefficient (such as slender reentry vehicles) and reenter the atmosphere at relatively high angles of attack experience severe heating rates and high dynamic pressures, but only for a short period of time. For these vehicles, continuum flow models incorporating equi librium chemistry are reasonable."

This is an ideal book for graduate students and researchers interested in the aerodynamics, structural dynamics and flight dynamics of small birds, bats and insects, as well as of micro air vehicles (MAVs), which present some of the richest problems intersecting science and engineering. The agility and spectacular flight performance of natural flyers, thanks to their flexible, deformable wing structures, as well as to outstanding wing, tail and body coordination, is particularly significant. To design and build MAVs with performance comparable to natural flyers, it is essential that natural flyers' combined flexible structural dynamics and aerodynamics are adequately understood. The primary focus of this book is to address the recent developments in flapping wing aerodynamics. This book extends the work presented in Aerodynamics of Low Reynolds Number Flyers (Shyy et al. 2008).

These three volumes entitled Advances in Hypersonics contain the Proceedings of the Second and Third Joint US/Europe Short Course in Hypersonics which took place in Colorado Springs and Aachen. The Second Course was organized at the US Air Force Academy, USA in January 1989 and the Third Course at Aachen, Germany in October 1990. The main idea of these Courses was to present to chemists, com puter scientists, engineers, experimentalists, mathematicians, and physicists state of the art lectures in scientific and technical dis ciplines including mathematical modeling, computational methods, and experimental measurements necessary to define the aerothermo dynamic environments for space vehicles such as the US Orbiter or the European Hermes flying at hypersonic speeds. The subjects can be grouped into the following areas: Phys ical environments, configuration requirements, propulsion systems (including airbreathing systems), experimental methods for external and internal flow, theoretical and numerical methods. Since hyper sonic flight requires highly integrated systems, the Short Courses not only aimed to give in-depth analysis of hypersonic research and technology but also tried to broaden the view of attendees to give them the ability to understand the complex problem of hypersonic flight. Most of the participants in the Short Courses prepared a docu ment based on their presentation for reproduction in the three vol umes. Some authors spent considerable time and energy going well beyond their oral presentation to provide a quality assessment of the state of the art in their area of expertise as of 1989 and 1991."

These three volumes entitled Advances in Hypersonics contain the Proceedings of the Second and Third Joint US/Europe Short Course in Hypersonics which took place in Colorado Springs and Aachen. The Second Course was organized at the US Air Force Academy, USA in January 1989 and the Third Course at Aachen, Germany in October 1990. The main idea of these Courses was to present to chemists, com puter scientists, engineers, experimentalists, mathematicians, and physicists state of the art lectures in scientific and technical dis ciplines including mathematical modeling, computational methods, and experimental measurements necessary to define the aerothermo dynamic environments for space vehicles such as the US Orbiter or the European Hermes flying at hypersonic speeds. The subjects can be grouped into the following areas: Phys ical environments, configuration requirements, propulsion systems (including airbreathing systems), experimental methods for external and internal flow, theoretical and numerical methods. Since hyper sonic flight requires highly integrated systems, the Short Courses not only aimed to give in-depth analysis of hypersonic research and technology but also tried to broaden the view of attendees to give them the ability to understand the complex problem of hypersonic flight. Most of the participants in the Short Courses prepared a docu ment based on their presentation for reproduction in the three vol umes. Some authors spent considerable time and energy going well beyond their oral presentation to provide a quality assessment of the state of the art in their area of expertise as of 1989 and 1991."

The first International Symposium on Unsteady Aerodynamics and Aero elasticity of Turbomachines was held in Paris in 1976, and was followed by symposia at Lausanne in 1980, Cambridge in 1984, Aachen in 1987, Bei jing in 1989, and Notre Dame in 1991. The proceedings published following these symposia have become recognized both as basic reference texts in the subject area and as useful guides to progress in the field. It is hoped that this volume, which represents the proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Unsteady Aerodynamics of Turbomachines, will continue that tradition. Interest in the unsteady aerodynamics, aeroacoustics, and aeroelasticity of turbomachines has been growing rapidly since the Paris symposium. This expanded interest is reflected by a significant increase in the numbers of contributed papers and symposium participants. The timeliness of the topics has always been an essential objective of these symposia. Another important objective is to promote an international exchange between scien tists and engineers from universities, government agencies, and industry on the fascinating phenomena of unsteady turbomachine flows and how they affect the aeroelastic stability of the blading system and cause the radiation of unwanted noise. This exchange acts as a catalyst for the development of new analytical and numerical models along with carefully designed ex periments to help understand the behavior of such systems and to develop predictive tools for engineering applications.