This volume contains the Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Mechanics of Passive and Active Flow Control, held at the DLR, GAttingen, in September 1998. This follows an earlier IUTAM Symposium on Turbulence Management and Relaminarisation which was held in Bangalore in 1987. The last decade has witnessed significant advances and research activity in the area of flow control/management, triggered by technological applications as well as scientific curiosity in understanding the structure of complex flows. This volume contains both review and contributed papers in the area of flow control, with emphasis on fluid dynamical mechanisms underlying different passive and active control techniques used in a variety of flows such as bumps, roughnesses, riblets, vortex generators, suction blowing, sound and MEMS; issues such as new control concepts and control strategies are also addressed. The application areas include drag reduction, transition, turbulence and separation, many relevant to aeronautical systems. This volume is very timely and contains a wealth of information on current research in the broad subject of flow control concepts and applications; it should be of particular interest to scientists, engineers and students pursuing research in flow control.

The book includes the research papers presented in the final conference of the EU funded SARISTU (Smart Intelligent Aircraft Structures) project, held at Moscow, Russia between 19-21 of May 2015. The SARISTU project, which was launched in September 2011, developed and tested a variety of individual applications as well as their combinations. With a strong focus on actual physical integration and subsequent material and structural testing, SARISTU has been responsible for important progress on the route to industrialization of structure integrated functionalities such as Conformal Morphing, Structural Health Monitoring and Nanocomposites. The gap- and edge-free deformation of aerodynamic surfaces known as conformal morphing has gained previously unrealized capabilities such as inherent de-icing, erosion protection and lightning strike protection, while at the same time the technological risk has been greatly reduced. Individual structural health monitoring techniques can now be applied at the part-manufacturing level rather than via extending an aircraft's time in the final assembly line. And nanocomposites no longer lose their improved properties when trying to upscale from neat resin testing to full laminate testing at element level. As such, this book familiarizes the reader with the most significant develo pments, achievements and key technological steps which have been made possible through the four-year long cooperation of 64 leading entities from 16 different countries with the financial support of the European Commission.

The book is concerned with mathematical modelling of supersonic and hyper sonic flows about bodies. Permanent interest in this topic is stimulated, first of all, by aviation and aerospace engineering. The designing of aircraft and space vehicles requires a more precise prediction of the aerodynamic and heat transfer characteristics. Together with broadening of the flight condition range, this makes it necessary to take into account a number of gas dynamic and physical effects caused by rarefaction, viscous-inviscid interaction, separation, various physical and chemical processes induced by gas heating in the intensive bow shock wave. The flow field around a body moving at supersonic speed can be divided into three parts, namely, shock layer, near wake including base flow, and far wake. The shock layer flow is bounded by the bow shock wave and the front and lat eral parts of the body surface. A conventional approach to calculation of shock layer flows consists in a successive solution of the inviscid gas and boundary layer equations. When the afore-mentioned effects become important, implementation of these models meets difficulties or even becomes impossible. In this case, one has to use a more general approach based on the viscous shock layer concept."

Principles of Nuclear Rocket Propulsion, Second Edition continues to put the technical and theoretical aspects of nuclear rocket propulsion into a clear and unified presentation, providing an understanding of the physical principles underlying the design and operation of nuclear fission-based rocket engines. This new edition expands on existing material and adds new topics, such as antimatter propulsion, a description of a liquid core-based nuclear rocket engine, nuclear rocket startup, new fuel forms, reactor stability, and new advanced reactor concepts. This new edition is for aerospace and nuclear engineers and advanced students interested in nuclear rocket propulsion.

This volume, published in honor of Professor Corrado Casci, celebrates the life of a very distinguished international figure devoted to sCientific study, research, teaching, and leadership. The numerous contributions of Corrado CasCi are widely admired by scientists and engineers around the globe. He has been an impressive model and outstanding colleague to many researchers. Unfortunately, only a few of them could be invited to contribute to this honorific volume. Everyone of the invited contributors responded with enthusiasm. v Corrado Casci Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX Curriculum Vitae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xl Publications of Corrado Casci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix . . . . . . . . . I. Combustion 1. Mechanics of Turbulent Flow in Combustors for Premixed Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A. K. OPPENHEIM 2. A Pore-Structure-Independent Combustion Model for Porous Media with Application to Graphite Oxidation 19 M. B. RICHARDS AND S. S. PENNER 3. Stabilization of Hydrogen-Air Flames in Supersonic Flow. . 37 G. WINTERFELD 4. Thermodynamics of Refractory Material Formation by Combustion Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 I. GLASSMAN, K. BREZINSKY, AND K. A. DAVIS 5. Catalytic Combustion Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 A. P. GLASKOVA 6. Stability of Ignition Transients of Reactive Solid Mixtures 83 V. E. ZARKO 7. Combustion Modeling and Stability of Double-Base Solid Rocket Propellants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 L. DE LUCA AND L. GALFETTI 8. Combustion Instabilities and Rayleigh's Criterion 135 F. E. C. CULICK II. Liquid Sprays 9. On the Anisotropy of Drop and Particle Velocity Fluctuations in Two-Phase Round Gas Jets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 A. TOMBOULIDES, M. l ANDREWS, AND F. V. BRACCO vii viii Contents 10.

This volume contains a thorough description of the EU-supported project EUROSHOCK II concerned with the investigation of active shock and boundary layer control to improve aircraft performance. Discussed are basic experiments, supplemented by Navier-Stokes computations, to improve and validate physical models relevant to control and the extension, validation and application of various computational methods to airfoil and wing flows with control. Furthermore described are experiments on airfoils and wings carried out to assess the aerodynamic benefits of control and to provide data for validation purposes. Finally, control applications to real aircraft and the corresponding installation penalties and mission benefits are addressed. This volume is a sequel to Vol. 56 on passive shock control.

This volume contains the results obtained by a symposium which took place in Paris, France, on May 04-05, 1999, hosted by the International Union of Railways, UIC. This symposium was organised within the framework of the Brite/Euram project TRANSAERO. The TRANSAERO project bundles the expertise of three railway companies and eight universities and research institutions in Europe to improve the physical understanding of the time-dependent effects of sidewind forces, train passing and pressure waves in tunnels. The goal was to find efficient and economically satisfying solutions to these problems by simultaneously regarding high-speed rolling stock, infrastructure and operating conditions.

The author's approach is one of continuum models of the aerodynamic flow interacting with a flexible structure whose behavior is governed by partial differential equations. Both linear and nonlinear models are considered although much of the book is concerned with the former while keeping the latter clearly in view. A complete chapter is also devoted to nonlinear theory. The author has provided new insights into the classical inviscid aerodynamics and raises novel and interesting questions on fundamental issues that have too often been neglected or forgotten in the development of the early history of the subject. The author contrasts his approach with discrete models for

the unsteady aerodynamic flow and the finite element model for the structure. Much of the aeroelasticity has been developed with applications formerly inmind because of its enormous consequences for the safety of aircraft.

Aeroelastic instabilities such as divergence and flutter and aeroelastic responses to gusts can pose a significant hazard to the aircraft and impact its performance. Yet, it is now recognized that

there are many other physical phenomena that have similar characteristics ranging from flows around flexible tall buildings and long span bridges, alternate energy sources such as electric power generation by smart structures to flows internal to the human body.

From the foreword:

"For the theorist and applied mathematician who wishes an introduction to this fascinating subject as well as for the experienced aeroelastician who is open to new challenges and a fresh viewpoint,

this book and its author have much to offer the reader."

Earl Dowell, Duke University, USA

"

In the spring of 1971, Reinier Tirnrnan visited the University of Delaware during which time he gave a series of lectures on water waves from which these notes grew. Those of us privi leged to be present during that time will never forget the experience. Rein Tirnrnan is not easily forgotten. His seemingly inexhaustible energy completely overwhelmed us. Who could forget the numbing effect of a succession of long wine filled evenings of lively conversation on literature, politics, education, you name it, followed early the next day by the appearance of the apparently totally refreshed red haired giant eager to discuss our mathematical problems with keen insight en remarkable understanding, ready to lecture on fluid mechanics or optimal control theory or a host of other subjects and ready to work into the evening until the cycle repeated. He thought faster, he knew more, he drank more and he slept less than any of us mortals and he literally wore us out. What a rare privilege indeed to have participated in this intellectual orgy. Tirnrnan's lively interest in almost every thing coupled with his buoyant enthusiasm and infectious op timism epitomized his approach to life. No delicate nibbling at the fringes, he wanted every morsel of every course. In these times of narrow specialization truly renaissance figures are, if not extinct, at least a highly endangered species. But Tirnrnan was one of that rare breed."

Focusing on aerodynamics of wind turbines, this book presents advanced topics including: Basic Theory for Wind turbine Blade Aerodynamics; Dynamics-Based Health Monitoring and Control of Wind Turbine Rotors; Experimental Testing of Wind Turbines using Wind Tunnels with an Emphasis on Small-Scale Wind Turbines under Low-Reynolds Numbers; Computational Methods; Ice Accretion for Wind Turbines and Influence of some Parameters, and; Special Structural Reinforcement Techniques for Wind Turbine Blades. Consequently, for these reasons, Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines will attract readers not only from the wind energy community but also from the gas turbines heat transfer and fluid mechanics community.

Modern computers are now capable of calculating many complex gas flows from the motion of individual molecules. This book outlines the molecular theory of gas dynamics and describes in detail the direct simulation Monte Carlo (or DSMC) method.

This new edition was reprinted without the need to include a disk, this is due to the fact that upgraded versions can be downloaded from the authors web site

test & check test entity &eacute; This new edition includes calculations that computers were not powerful enough to achieve when the first edition came out in 1976. This is the definitive work for researchers in rarefied gas dynamics. For more information visit the authors website on <a href=" http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/gabird/">test link</a>

This book is a monograph on aerodynamics of aero-engine gas turbines focusing on the new progresses on flow mechanism and design methods in the recent 20 years. Starting with basic principles in aerodynamics and thermodynamics, this book systematically expounds the recent research on mechanisms of flows in axial gas turbines, including high pressure and low pressure turbines, inter-turbine ducts and turbine rear frame ducts, and introduces the classical and innovative numerical evaluation methods in different dimensions. This book also summarizes the latest research achievements in the field of gas turbine aerodynamic design and flow control, and the multidisciplinary conjugate problems involved with gas turbines. This book should be helpful for scientific and technical staffs, college teachers, graduate students, and senior college students, who are involved in research and design of gas turbines.

It is our pleasure to present these proceedings from the United Engineering Foundation Conference on The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses and Trains held December 2-6, 2002, in Monterey, California. This Department of Energy, United Engineering Foundation, and industry sponsored conference brought together 90 leading engineering researchers from around the world to discuss the aerodynamic drag of heavy vehicles. Participants from national labs, academia, and industry, including truck manufacturers, discussed how computer simulation and experimental techniques could be used to design more fuel efficient trucks, buses, and trains. Conference topics included comparison of computational fluid dynamics calculations using both steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, large-eddy simulation, and hybrid turbulence models and experimental data obtained from the Department of Energy sponsored and other wind tunnel experiments. Advanced experimental techniques including three-dimensional particle image velocimetry were presented, along with their use in evaluating drag reduction devices. We would like to thank the UEF conference organizers for their dedication and quick response to sudden deadlines. In addition, we would like to thank all session chairs, the scientific advisory committee, authors, and reviewers for their many hours of dedicated effort that contributed to a successful conference and resulted in this document of the conference proceedings. We also gratefully acknowledge the support received from the United Engineering Foundation, the US Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Volvo Trucks America, International Truck and Engine Corporation, and Freightliner LLC.

The field of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and hybrids is a vibrant research area. This book runs through all the potential unsteady modelling fidelity ranges, from low-order to LES. The latter is probably the highest fidelity for practical aerospace systems modelling. Cutting edge new frontiers are defined.
One example of a pressing environmental concern is noise. For the accurate prediction of this, unsteady modelling is needed. Hence computational aeroacoustics is explored. It is also emerging that there is a critical need for coupled simulations. Hence, this area is also considered and the tensions of utilizing such simulations with the already expensive LES.

This work has relevance to the general field of CFD and LES and to a wide variety of non-aerospace aerodynamic systems (e.g. cars, submarines, ships, electronics, buildings). Topics treated include unsteady flow techniques; LES and hybrids; general numerical methods; computational aeroacoustics; computational aeroelasticity; coupled simulations and turbulence and its modelling (LES, RANS, transition, VLES, URANS). The volume concludes by pointing forward to future horizons and in particular the industrial use of LES. The writing style is accessible and useful to both academics and industrial practitioners.
From the reviews:
"Tucker's volume provides a very welcome, concise discussion of current capabilities for simulating and modellng unsteady aerodynamic flows. It covers the various possible numerical techniques in good, clear detail and presents a very wide range of practical applications; beautifully illustrated in many cases. This book thus provides a valuable text for practicing engineers, a rich source of background information for students and those new to this area of Research & Development, and an excellent state-of-the-art review for others. A great achievement."
"Mark Savill FHEA, FRAeS, C.Eng, ""Professor of Computational Aerodynamics Design & Head of Power & Propulsion Sciences, Department of Power & Propulsion, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, U.K.
""This is a very useful book with a widecoverage of many aspects in unsteadyaerodynamics methoddevelopment and applicationsfor internal and external flows."
"L. He, Rolls-Royce/RAEng Chair of ComputationalAerothermal Engineering, Oxford University, U.K."
"This comprehensive book ranges from classical concepts in both numerical methods and turbulence modelling approaches for the beginner to latest state-of-the-art for the advanced practitioner and constitutes an extremely valuable contribution to the specific Computational Fluid Dynamics literature in Aeronautics. Student and expert alike will benefit greatly by reading it from cover to cover."
"Sebastien Deck, Onera, Meudon, France"
"

The book provides a solid and unitary mathematical foundation of the basic and advanced principles of aerodynamics. The densities of the fundamental solutions are determined from singular integral equations. The fundamental solutions method in aerodynamics was considered for the first time and used by the author in over 30 papers published in prestigious journals (e.g. QAM, AIAA, ZAMM, etc) in order to develop a unitary theory. The boundary element method is used for numerical approximations in compressible aerodynamics. The text incorporates several original contributions, among other traditional mathematical methods.
The book also represents a comprehensive presentation of research results since the seminal books on aerodynamics of Ashley and Landahl (1965) and Katz & Plotkin (1991).
A rigorous mathematical approach is used to present and explain classic and modern results in this field of science. The author has therefore conceived several appendices on the Distribution Theory, the singular Integral Equations Theory, the Finite Part, Gauss Quadrature Formulae, etc.
The book is concluded by a relevant bibliographical list which is especially useful for researchers.
The book is aimed primarily at applied mathematicians, aeronautical engineers and space science researchers. The text may be used also as a comprehensive introduction to the mathematical foundations fo aerodynamics, by graduate students n engineering and fluid dynamics with a strong mathematical background.

Back-action of aerodynamics onto structures such as wings cause vibrations and may resonantly couple to them, thus causing instabilities (flutter) and endangering the whole structure. By careful choices of geometry, materials and damping mechanisms, hazardous effects on wind engines, planes, turbines and cars can be avoided. Besides an introduction into the problem of flutter, new formulations of flutter problems are given as well as a treatise of supersonic flutter and of a whole range of mechanical effects. Numerical and analytical methods to study them are developed and applied to the analysis of new classes of flutter problems for plates and shallow shells of arbitrary plane form. Specific problems discussed in the book in the context of numerical simulations are supplemented by Fortran code examples (available on the website).

Modern Flexible Multi-Body Dynamics Modeling Methodology for Flapping Wing Vehicles presents research on the implementation of a flexible multi-body dynamic representation of a flapping wing ornithopter that considers aero-elasticity. This effort brings advances in the understanding of flapping wing flight physics and dynamics that ultimately leads to an improvement in the performance of such flight vehicles, thus reaching their high performance potential. In using this model, it is necessary to reduce body accelerations and forces of an ornithopter vehicle, as well as to improve the aerodynamic performance and enhance flight kinematics and forces which are the design optimization objectives. This book is a useful reference for postgraduates in mechanical engineering and related areas, as well as researchers in the field of multibody dynamics.

Physical models of gas discharge processes in gas flows and numerical simulation methods, which are used for numerical simulation of these phenomena are considered in the book. Significant attention is given to a solution of two-dimensional problems of physical mechanics of electric arc, radio-frequency, micro-wave, and optical discharges, as well as to investigation of electrodynamic structure of direct current glow discharges. Problems of modern computational magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) are considered also. Prospects of the different kinds of discharges use in aerospace applications are discussed. This book is intended for scientists and engineers concerned with physical gas dynamics, physics of the low-temperature plasma and gas discharges, and also for students and post-graduate students of physical and technical specialties of universities.

Wind Turbine Airfoils and Blades introduces new ideas in the design of wind turbine airfoils and blades based on functional integral theory and the finite element method, accompanied by results from wind tunnel testing. The authors also discuss the optimization of wind turbine blades as well as results from aerodynamic analysis. This book is suitable for researchers and engineers in aeronautics and can be used as a textbook for graduate students.

Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines is the established essential text for the fundamental solutions to efficient wind turbine design. Now in its third edition, it has been substantially updated with respect to structural dynamics and control. The new control chapter now includes details on how to design a classical pitch and torque regulator to control rotational speed and power, while the section on structural dynamics has been extended with a simplified mechanical system explaining the phenomena of forward and backward whirling modes. Readers will also benefit from a new chapter on Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT). Topics covered include increasing mass flow through the turbine, performance at low and high wind speeds, assessment of the extreme conditions under which the turbine will perform and the theory for calculating the lifetime of the turbine. The classical Blade Element Momentum method is also covered, as are eigenmodes and the dynamic behaviour of a turbine. The book describes the effects of the dynamics and how this can be modelled in an aeroelastic code, which is widely used in the design and verification of modern wind turbines. Furthermore, it examines how to calculate the vibration of the whole construction, as well as the time varying loads and global case studies.

This book covers classical and modern aerodynamics, theories and related numerical methods, for senior and first-year graduate engineering students, including: -The classical potential (incompressible) flow theories for low speed aerodynamics of thin airfoils and high and low aspect ratio wings. - The linearized theories for compressible subsonic and supersonic aerodynamics. - The nonlinear transonic small disturbance potential flow theory, including supercritical wing sections, the extended transonic area rule with lift effect, transonic lifting line and swept or oblique wings to minimize wave drag. Unsteady flow is also briefly discussed. Numerical simulations based on relaxation mixed-finite difference methods are presented and explained. - Boundary layer theory for all Mach number regimes and viscous/inviscid interaction procedures used in practical aerodynamics calculations. There are also four chapters covering special topics, including wind turbines and propellers, airplane design, flow analogies and hypersonic (rotational) flows. A unique feature of the book is its ten self-tests and their solutions as well as an appendix on special techniques of functions of complex variables, method of characteristics and conservation laws and shock waves. The book is the culmination of two courses taught every year by the two authors for the last two decades to seniors and first-year graduate students of aerospace engineering at UC Davis.

This book develops concepts and a methodology for a rational description of the organization of three-dimensional flows considering, in particular, the case where the flow is the place of separations. The descriptive analysis based on the critical point theory of Poincare develops conventional but rather unfamiliar considerations from aerodynamicists, who face the understanding of complex flows including multiple separation lines and vortices. These problems concern industrial sectors where aerodynamics plays a key role, such as aerospace, ground vehicles, buildings, etc.

Contents

1. Skin Friction Lines Pattern and Critical Points.2. Separation Streamsurfaces and Vortex Structures.3. Separated Flow on a Body.4. Vortex Wake of Wings and Slender Bodies.5. Separation Induced by an Obstacle or a Blunt Body.6. Reconsideration of the Two-Dimensional Separation.7. Concluding Remarks.

About the Authors

Jean Delery is a Supaero (French National Higher School of Aeronautics and Space) engineer who has worked at Onera (French national aerospace research center) since 1964. He has participated in several major French and European aerospace programs, is the author of many scientific publications, and has occupied various teaching positions particularly at Supaero, the University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin, Ecole polytechnique in France and "La Sapienza" University in Rome, Italy. He is currently emeritus adviser at Onera.