The beginning graduate student in homotopy theory is confronted with a vast literature on spectra that is scattered across books, articles and decades. There is much folklore but very few easy entry points. This comprehensive introduction to stable homotopy theory changes that. It presents the foundations of the subject together in one place for the first time, from the motivating phenomena to the modern theory, at a level suitable for those with only a first course in algebraic topology. Starting from stable homotopy groups and (co)homology theories, the authors study the most important categories of spectra and the stable homotopy category, before moving on to computational aspects and more advanced topics such as monoidal structures, localisations and chromatic homotopy theory. The appendix containing essential facts on model categories, the numerous examples and the suggestions for further reading make this a friendly introduction to an often daunting subject.

Minuscule representations occur in a variety of contexts in mathematics and physics. They are typically much easier to understand than representations in general, which means they give rise to relatively easy constructions of algebraic objects such as Lie algebras and Weyl groups. This book describes a combinatorial approach to minuscule representations of Lie algebras using the theory of heaps, which for most practical purposes can be thought of as certain labelled partially ordered sets. This leads to uniform constructions of (most) simple Lie algebras over the complex numbers and their associated Weyl groups, and provides a common framework for various applications. The topics studied include Chevalley bases, permutation groups, weight polytopes and finite geometries. Ideal as a reference, this book is also suitable for students with a background in linear and abstract algebra and topology. Each chapter concludes with historical notes, references to the literature and suggestions for further reading.

This book introduces the notion of an effective Kan fibration, a new mathematical structure which can be used to study simplicial homotopy theory. The main motivation is to make simplicial homotopy theory suitable for homotopy type theory. Effective Kan fibrations are maps of simplicial sets equipped with a structured collection of chosen lifts that satisfy certain non-trivial properties. Here it is revealed that fundamental properties of ordinary Kan fibrations can be extended to explicit constructions on effective Kan fibrations. In particular, a constructive (explicit) proof is given that effective Kan fibrations are stable under push forward, or fibred exponentials. Further, it is shown that effective Kan fibrations are local, or completely determined by their fibres above representables, and the maps which can be equipped with the structure of an effective Kan fibration are precisely the ordinary Kan fibrations. Hence implicitly, both notions still describe the same homotopy theory. These new results solve an open problem in homotopy type theory and provide the first step toward giving a constructive account of Voevodsky's model of univalent type theory in simplicial sets.

This book outlines a vast array of techniques and methods regarding model categories, without focussing on the intricacies of the proofs. Quillen model categories are a fundamental tool for the understanding of homotopy theory. While many introductions to model categories fall back on the same handful of canonical examples, the present book highlights a large, self-contained collection of other examples which appear throughout the literature. In particular, it collects a highly scattered literature into a single volume. The book is aimed at anyone who uses, or is interested in using, model categories to study homotopy theory. It is written in such a way that it can be used as a reference guide for those who are already experts in the field. However, it can also be used as an introduction to the theory for novices.

Rather than choosing one point of view of modern topology, the author concentrates on concrete problems in spaces with a few dimensions, introducing only as much algebraic machinery as necessary. This makes it possible to see a wider variety of important features in the subject than is common in introductory texts; it is also in line with the historical development of the subject. Aimed at students not necessarily intending to specialise in algebraic topology, the first part of the book emphasises relations with calculus and uses these ideas to prove the Jordan curve theorem, before going on to study fundamental groups and covering spaces so as to emphasise group actions. A final section gives a taste of the generalisation to higher dimensions.

This book is dedicated to the structure and combinatorics of classical Hopf algebras. Its main focus is on commutative and cocommutative Hopf algebras, such as algebras of representative functions on groups and enveloping algebras of Lie algebras, as explored in the works of Borel, Cartier, Hopf and others in the 1940s and 50s.The modern and systematic treatment uses the approach of natural operations, illuminating the structure of Hopf algebras by means of their endomorphisms and their combinatorics. Emphasizing notions such as pseudo-coproducts, characteristic endomorphisms, descent algebras and Lie idempotents, the text also covers the important case of enveloping algebras of pre-Lie algebras. A wide range of applications are surveyed, highlighting the main ideas and fundamental results. Suitable as a textbook for masters or doctoral level programs, this book will be of interest to algebraists and anyone working in one of the fields of application of Hopf algebras.

K-theory is often considered a complicated `specialist's' theory. This book is an introduction to the basics and provides detailed explanation of the various concepts required for a deeper understanding of the subject. Some familiarity with basic C*algebra theory is assumed and then follows a careful construction and analysis of the operator K-theory groups and proof of the results of K-theory, including Bott periodicity.

People have been interested in knots at least since the time of Alexander the Great and his encounter with the Gordian knot. There are famous knot illustrations in the Book of Kells and throughout traditional Islamic art. Lord Kelvin believed that atoms were knots in the ether and he encouraged Tait to compile a talbe of knots about 100 years ago. In recent years, the Jones polynomial has stimulated much interest in possible relationships between knot theory and physics. The book is concerned with the fundamental question of the classification of knots, and more generally the classification of arbitrary (compact) topological objects which can occur in our normal space of physical reality. Professor Hemion explains his classification algorithm - using the method of normal surfaces - in a simple and concise way. The reader is thus shown the relevance of such traditional mathematical objects as the Klein bottle or the hyperbolic plane to this basic classification theory. The Classification of Knots and 3-dimensional Spaces will be of interest to mathematicians, physicists, and other scientists who want to apply this basic classification algorithm to their research in knot theory.

This volume provides a unified and accessible account of recent developments regarding the real homotopy type of configuration spaces of manifolds. Configuration spaces consist of collections of pairwise distinct points in a given manifold, the study of which is a classical topic in algebraic topology. One of this theory's most important questions concerns homotopy invariance: if a manifold can be continuously deformed into another one, then can the configuration spaces of the first manifold be continuously deformed into the configuration spaces of the second? This conjecture remains open for simply connected closed manifolds. Here, it is proved in characteristic zero (i.e. restricted to algebrotopological invariants with real coefficients), using ideas from the theory of operads. A generalization to manifolds with boundary is then considered. Based on the work of Campos, Ducoulombier, Lambrechts, Willwacher, and the author, the book covers a vast array of topics, including rational homotopy theory, compactifications, PA forms, propagators, Kontsevich integrals, and graph complexes, and will be of interest to a wide audience.

The book is a collection of surveys and original research articles concentrating on new perspectives and research directions at the crossroads of algebraic geometry, topology, and singularity theory. The papers, written by leading researchers working on various topics of the above fields, are the outcome of the "Nemethi60: Geometry and Topology of Singularities" conference held at the Alfred Renyi Institute of Mathematics in Budapest, from May 27 to 31, 2019. Both the conference and this resulting volume are in honor of Professor Andras Nemethi, on the occasion of his 60th birthday, whose work plays a decisive and influential role in the interactions between the above fields. The book should serve as a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers to deepen the new perspectives, methods, and connections between geometry and topology regarding singularities.

This book, the third book in the four-volume series in algebra, deals with important topics in homological algebra, including abstract theory of derived functors, sheaf co-homology, and an introduction to etale and l-adic co-homology. It contains four chapters which discuss homology theory in an abelian category together with some important and fundamental applications in geometry, topology, algebraic geometry (including basics in abstract algebraic geometry), and group theory. The book will be of value to graduate and higher undergraduate students specializing in any branch of mathematics. The author has tried to make the book self-contained by introducing relevant concepts and results required. Prerequisite knowledge of the basics of algebra, linear algebra, topology, and calculus of several variables will be useful.

Poincare duality algebras originated in the work of topologists on the cohomology of closed manifolds, and Macaulay's dual systems in the study of irreducible ideals in polynomial algebras. These two ideas are tied together using basic commutative algebra involving Gorenstein algebras. Steenrod operations also originated in algebraic topology, but may best be viewed as a means of encoding the information often hidden behind the Frobenius map in characteristic p<>0. They provide a noncommutative tool to study commutative algebras over a Galois field. In this Tract the authors skilfully bring together these ideas and apply them to problems in invariant theory. A number of remarkable and unexpected interdisciplinary connections are revealed that will interest researchers in the areas of commutative algebra, invariant theory or algebraic topology.

This book offers an essential introduction to the theory of Hilbert space, a fundamental tool for non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Linear, topological, metric, and normed spaces are all addressed in detail, in a rigorous but reader-friendly fashion. The rationale for providing an introduction to the theory of Hilbert space, rather than a detailed study of Hilbert space theory itself, lies in the strenuous mathematics demands that even the simplest physical cases entail. Graduate courses in physics rarely offer enough time to cover the theory of Hilbert space and operators, as well as distribution theory, with sufficient mathematical rigor. Accordingly, compromises must be found between full rigor and the practical use of the instruments. Based on one of the authors's lectures on functional analysis for graduate students in physics, the book will equip readers to approach Hilbert space and, subsequently, rigged Hilbert space, with a more practical attitude. It also includes a brief introduction to topological groups, and to other mathematical structures akin to Hilbert space. Exercises and solved problems accompany the main text, offering readers opportunities to deepen their understanding. The topics and their presentation have been chosen with the goal of quickly, yet rigorously and effectively, preparing readers for the intricacies of Hilbert space. Consequently, some topics, e.g., the Lebesgue integral, are treated in a somewhat unorthodox manner. The book is ideally suited for use in upper undergraduate and lower graduate courses, both in Physics and in Mathematics.

This book provides an introduction to the main geometric structures that are carried by compact surfaces, with an emphasis on the classical theory of Riemann surfaces. It first covers the prerequisites, including the basics of differential forms, the Poincare Lemma, the Morse Lemma, the classification of compact connected oriented surfaces, Stokes' Theorem, fixed point theorems and rigidity theorems. There is also a novel presentation of planar hyperbolic geometry. Moving on to more advanced concepts, it covers topics such as Riemannian metrics, the isometric torsion-free connection on vector fields, the Ansatz of Koszul, the Gauss-Bonnet Theorem, and integrability. These concepts are then used for the study of Riemann surfaces. One of the focal points is the Uniformization Theorem for compact surfaces, an elementary proof of which is given via a property of the energy functional. Among numerous other results, there is also a proof of Chow's Theorem on compact holomorphic submanifolds in complex projective spaces. Based on lecture courses given by the author, the book will be accessible to undergraduates and graduates interested in the analytic theory of Riemann surfaces.

Since the birth of rational homotopy theory, the possibility of extending the Quillen approach - in terms of Lie algebras - to a more general category of spaces, including the non-simply connected case, has been a challenge for the algebraic topologist community. Despite the clear Eckmann-Hilton duality between Quillen and Sullivan treatments, the simplicity in the realization of algebraic structures in the latter contrasts with the complexity required by the Lie algebra version. In this book, the authors develop new tools to address these problems. Working with complete Lie algebras, they construct, in a combinatorial way, a cosimplicial Lie model for the standard simplices. This is a key object, which allows the definition of a new model and realization functors that turn out to be homotopically equivalent to the classical Quillen functors in the simply connected case. With this, the authors open new avenues for solving old problems and posing new questions. This monograph is the winner of the 2020 Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer Prize, a prestigious award for books of expository nature presenting the latest developments in an active area of research in mathematics.

Sub-Riemannian geometry is the geometry of a world with nonholonomic constraints. In such a world, one can move, send and receive information only in certain admissible directions but eventually can reach every position from any other. In the last two decades sub-Riemannian geometry has emerged as an independent research domain impacting on several areas of pure and applied mathematics, with applications to many areas such as quantum control, Hamiltonian dynamics, robotics and Lie theory. This comprehensive introduction proceeds from classical topics to cutting-edge theory and applications, assuming only standard knowledge of calculus, linear algebra and differential equations. The book may serve as a basis for an introductory course in Riemannian geometry or an advanced course in sub-Riemannian geometry, covering elements of Hamiltonian dynamics, integrable systems and Lie theory. It will also be a valuable reference source for researchers in various disciplines.

This book provides an introduction to state-of-the-art applications of homotopy theory to arithmetic geometry. The contributions to this volume are based on original lectures by leading researchers at the LMS-CMI Research School on 'Homotopy Theory and Arithmetic Geometry - Motivic and Diophantine Aspects' and the Nelder Fellow Lecturer Series, which both took place at Imperial College London in the summer of 2018. The contribution by Brazelton, based on the lectures by Wickelgren, provides an introduction to arithmetic enumerative geometry, the notes of Cisinski present motivic sheaves and new cohomological methods for intersection theory, and Schlank's contribution gives an overview of the use of etale homotopy theory for obstructions to the existence of rational points on algebraic varieties. Finally, the article by Asok and Ostvaer, based in part on the Nelder Fellow lecture series by Ostvaer, gives a survey of the interplay between motivic homotopy theory and affine algebraic geometry, with a focus on contractible algebraic varieties. Now a major trend in arithmetic geometry, this volume offers a detailed guide to the fascinating circle of recent applications of homotopy theory to number theory. It will be invaluable to research students entering the field, as well as postdoctoral and more established researchers.

This book presents original peer-reviewed contributions from the London Mathematical Society (LMS) Midlands Regional Meeting and Workshop on 'Galois Covers, Grothendieck-Teichmuller Theory and Dessinsd'Enfants', which took place at the University of Leicester, UK, from 4 to 7 June, 2018. Within the theme of the workshop, the collected articles cover a broad range of topics and explore exciting new links between algebraic geometry, representation theory, group theory, number theory and algebraic topology. The book combines research and overview articles by prominent international researchers and provides a valuable resource for researchers and students alike.

This book carefully presents a unified treatment of equivariant Poincare duality in a wide variety of contexts, illuminating an area of mathematics that is often glossed over elsewhere. The approach used here allows the parallel treatment of both equivariant and nonequivariant cases. It also makes it possible to replace the usual field of coefficients for cohomology, the field of real numbers, with any field of arbitrary characteristic, and hence change (equivariant) de Rham cohomology to the usual singular (equivariant) cohomology . The book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers wanting to learn about the equivariant extension of tools familiar from non-equivariant differential geometry.

This book provides an introduction to modern homotopy theory through the lens of higher categories after Joyal and Lurie, giving access to methods used at the forefront of research in algebraic topology and algebraic geometry in the twenty-first century. The text starts from scratch - revisiting results from classical homotopy theory such as Serre's long exact sequence, Quillen's theorems A and B, Grothendieck's smooth/proper base change formulas, and the construction of the Kan-Quillen model structure on simplicial sets - and develops an alternative to a significant part of Lurie's definitive reference Higher Topos Theory, with new constructions and proofs, in particular, the Yoneda Lemma and Kan extensions. The strong emphasis on homotopical algebra provides clear insights into classical constructions such as calculus of fractions, homotopy limits and derived functors. For graduate students and researchers from neighbouring fields, this book is a user-friendly guide to advanced tools that the theory provides for application.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 2018 Abel Symposium, which was held in Geiranger, Norway, on June 4-8, 2018. The symposium offered an overview of the emerging field of "Topological Data Analysis". This volume presents papers on various research directions, notably including applications in neuroscience, materials science, cancer biology, and immune response. Providing an essential snapshot of the status quo, it represents a valuable asset for practitioners and those considering entering the field.

This textbook offers readers a self-contained introduction to quantitative Tamarkin category theory. Functioning as a viable alternative to the standard algebraic analysis method, the categorical approach explored in this book makes microlocal sheaf theory accessible to a wide audience of readers interested in symplectic geometry. Much of this material has, until now, been scattered throughout the existing literature; this text finally collects that information into one convenient volume. After providing an overview of symplectic geometry, ranging from its background to modern developments, the author reviews the preliminaries with precision. This refresher ensures readers are prepared for the thorough exploration of the Tamarkin category that follows. A variety of applications appear throughout, such as sheaf quantization, sheaf interleaving distance, and sheaf barcodes from projectors. An appendix offers additional perspectives by highlighting further useful topics. Quantitative Tamarkin Theory is ideal for graduate students interested in symplectic geometry who seek an accessible alternative to the algebraic analysis method. A background in algebra and differential geometry is recommended. This book is part of the "Virtual Series on Symplectic Geometry" http://www.springer.com/series/16019

This book provides a detailed but concise account of the theory of structure of finite p-groups admitting p-automorphisms with few fixed points. The relevant preliminary material on Lie rings is introduced and the main theorems of the book on the solubility of finite p-groups are then presented. The proofs involve notions such as viewing automorphisms as linear transformations, associated Lie rings, powerful p-groups, and the correspondences of A. I. Mal'cev and M. Lazard given by the Baker-Hausdorff formula. Many exercises are included. This book is suitable for graduate students and researchers working in the fields of group theory and Lie rings.

This textbook provides a gentle introduction to intersection homology and perverse sheaves, where concrete examples and geometric applications motivate concepts throughout. By giving a taste of the main ideas in the field, the author welcomes new readers to this exciting area at the crossroads of topology, algebraic geometry, analysis, and differential equations. Those looking to delve further into the abstract theory will find ample references to facilitate navigation of both classic and recent literature. Beginning with an introduction to intersection homology from a geometric and topological viewpoint, the text goes on to develop the sheaf-theoretical perspective. Then algebraic geometry comes to the fore: a brief discussion of constructibility opens onto an in-depth exploration of perverse sheaves. Highlights from the following chapters include a detailed account of the proof of the Beilinson-Bernstein-Deligne-Gabber (BBDG) decomposition theorem, applications of perverse sheaves to hypersurface singularities, and a discussion of Hodge-theoretic aspects of intersection homology via Saito's deep theory of mixed Hodge modules. An epilogue offers a succinct summary of the literature surrounding some recent applications. Intersection Homology & Perverse Sheaves is suitable for graduate students with a basic background in topology and algebraic geometry. By building context and familiarity with examples, the text offers an ideal starting point for those entering the field. This classroom-tested approach opens the door to further study and to current research.

This book provides an informal and geodesic introduction to factorization homology, focusing on providing intuition through simple examples. Along the way, the reader is also introduced to modern ideas in homotopy theory and category theory, particularly as it relates to the use of infinity-categories. As with the original lectures, the text is meant to be a leisurely read suitable for advanced graduate students and interested researchers in topology and adjacent fields.