Fungal growths affect both human and animal well-being. Many natural pathogens of laboratory animals alter host physiology, rendering the host unsuitable for experimental uses. While the number and prevalence of few pathogens have declined considerably, many still turn up in laboratory animals and represent unwanted variables in research. Investigators using laboratory animals in biomedical experimentation should be aware of the profound effects that many of these agents can have on research. What does the future hold regarding the natural pathogens of laboratory animals? The selection of an animal model must carefully address issues of the type of human disease to mimic, the parameters to follow, and the collection of the appropriate data to answer those questions being asked. Overall, animal models of fungal infection will continue to deepen our understanding of how these infections occur. This book provides a valuable source of information to biological and biomedical scientists and to clinical and doctoral researchers working in the area of fungal infections and diseases of laboratory animal species.

Population Biology of Vector-Borne Diseases is the first comprehensive survey of this rapidly developing field. The chapter topics provide an up-to-date presentation of classical concepts, reviews of emerging trends, synthesis of existing knowledge, and a prospective agenda for future research. The contributions offer authoritative and international perspectives from leading thinkers in the field. The dynamics of vector-borne diseases are far more intrinsically ecological compared with their directly transmitted equivalents. The environmental dependence of ectotherm vectors means that vector-borne pathogens are acutely sensitive to changing environmental conditions. Although perennially important vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue have deeply informed our understanding of vector-borne diseases, recent emerging viruses such as West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, and Zika virus have generated new scientific questions and practical problems. The study of vector-borne disease has been a particularly rich source of ecological questions, while ecological theory has provided the conceptual tools for thinking about their evolution, transmission, and spatial extent. Population Biology of Vector-Borne Diseases is an advanced textbook suitable for graduate level students taking courses in vector biology, population ecology, evolutionary ecology, disease ecology, medical entomology, viral ecology/evolution, and parasitology, as well as providing a key reference for researchers across these fields.

This is the Second Edition of a well-received book that reflects a fresh, integrated coverage of the concepts and scientific measurement of stress and welfare of animals including humans. This book explains the basic biological principles of coping with many forms of adversity. The major part of this work is devoted to explaining scientifically usable concepts in stress and welfare. A wide range of welfare indicators are highlighted in detail with examples being drawn from man and other species. The necessity for combining information from disciplines is emphasized with a one-health, one-welfare approach. This information forms the basis for a synthesis of new ideas. Among the issues covered are: - How brain and body systems regulate using feelings, physiological responses, behaviour and responses to pathology - Limits to adaptation - Assessing positive and negative welfare during both short-term and long-term situations - Ethical problems and suggested solutions A proper assessment of animal welfare is essential to take informed decisions about what is morally acceptable in terms of practice and in the development of a more effective legislation. This work encapsulates a very wide body of literature on scientific aspects of animal welfare and will thus prove a valuable asset for animal welfare scientists, psychologists, students and teachers of all forms of biology, behaviour, medicine, veterinary medicine and animal usage.

This volume presents techniques used by researchers from all branches of biology to study daily changes at a molecular level in many physiological systems. The chapters are organized into three parts and cover topics such as measuring and modeling physiological and behavioral rhythms; genome-wide analyses in circadian biology, and imaging and manipulating brain clocks. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, Circadian Clocks: Methods and Protocols is a valuable tool for any researcher interested in learning more about this developing field.

This book describes experimental animal models that mimic common human ocular diseases: herpetic keratitis, cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, Graves' disease, and intraocular tumors. In conjunction, these models reflect the diversity and utility of tools used to study human disease. World expert clinicians discuss each model based on their clinical experience and the text is supported by numerous photos and diagrams. In describing the most pertinent animal models of ophthalmic diseases, this book will be of interest to ophthalmologists, vision researchers, fellows, residents and medical students.

This is the Second Edition of a well-received book that reflects a fresh, integrated coverage of the concepts and scientific measurement of stress and welfare of animals including humans. This book explains the basic biological principles of coping with many forms of adversity. The major part of this work is devoted to explaining scientifically usable concepts in stress and welfare. A wide range of welfare indicators are highlighted in detail with examples being drawn from man and other species. The necessity for combining information from disciplines is emphasized with a one-health, one-welfare approach. This information forms the basis for a synthesis of new ideas. Among the issues covered are: - How brain and body systems regulate using feelings, physiological responses, behaviour and responses to pathology - Limits to adaptation - Assessing positive and negative welfare during both short-term and long-term situations - Ethical problems and suggested solutions A proper assessment of animal welfare is essential to take informed decisions about what is morally acceptable in terms of practice and in the development of a more effective legislation. This work encapsulates a very wide body of literature on scientific aspects of animal welfare and will thus prove a valuable asset for animal welfare scientists, psychologists, students and teachers of all forms of biology, behaviour, medicine, veterinary medicine and animal usage.

This detailed volume explores animal embryogenesis in a way that aims to foster cross-model work and ideas by presenting methods that can be applied across laboratories and species boundaries. Improved protocols with updated advances in key traditional model systems are included, such as in amphibians, chicken, mouse, and zebrafish, as well as chapters on leopard gecko and the flexible-shelled slider turtle. Within these traditional model systems, new developments are presented, such as protocols for the analysis of cellular membranes and intracellular signals, light-controlled manipulation of function, and the analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data in the context of the embryo. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and fully updated, Vertebrate Embryogenesis: Embryological, Cellular, and Genetic Methods, Second Edition serves as an invaluable aid to scientists, educators, and the advanced general audience and will act as an inspiration to further our understanding and appreciation of animal development. Chapter 10, "Optogenetic Control of Subcellular Protein Location and Signalling in Vertebrate Embryos," is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

In an ever-changing global environment, under the pressure of climate change and the movement of people and goods over long distances, the emergence of animal diseases in previously unaffected areas is no longer an exceptional event. Lumpy Skin Disease is an example: it entered continental Europe for the first time in 2015, turning into a regional crisis involving many countries in the Balkan Peninsula in less than a year. This special EMPRES issue looks at its epidemiology and diagnostics, and presents a range of approaches for controlling the disease.

Poultry is retained world-wide for various rationales. They can be maintained by masses including commercial farmers for meat and eggs, small farmers, and even by the families in the backyard. They are one of the economical sources of meat. Despite its role in elevating emoluments and trimming poverty in the developing countries, its production is curbed by vast range of constraints, including diseases. Poultry is affected by four main types of diseases: metabolic and nutritional diseases, infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, and behavioral diseases. Poultry production can be made victorious by taking preventive measures to eradicate the diseases. Key step for the poultry men is to understand rigorously the basis of the disease(s) to which domestic birds are susceptible to. Many scientists are allocating their time to study the diseases among poultry and to understand the factors contributing to the disease. As an editor, my aim is to elaborate the scientific side of the subject. In this book, efforts have been done to combine a vast range of published research studies on diseases among poultry. An infectious disease is a disease induced by seizure of a host by a pathogen which eventually multiplies in the body. Infectious diseases are often transmittable. These include Avian Encephalomyelitis, Avian Influenza, Candidiasis, Colibacillosis, Salmonellosis, Fowl Pox, Infectious Bronchitis, Marek’s disease, Mycoplasmosis, Necrotic Enteritis, Newcastle disease, etc. These diseases are described in first 12 Chapters of this book. Metabolic and nutritional diseases are conditions caused by a deficiency or a disturbance of metabolic functions through insufficient nutrition. These include Wooden breast disorder, Leg disorders and so on. These diseases are discussed in the following two Chapters. A parasitic disease is caused by invasion of parasitic organisms. These include Coccidiosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Histomoniasis, Toxoplasmosis etc. These diseases are reported in Chapters 15-18. Abnormal behavioral patterns of the birds can lead to behavioral diseases. This is reported in the last Chapter of the book. I hope that this book will be beneficial for students, researchers, teachers, and poultry men. It will help in recognising the fact that the disease cannot be controlled by mere disinfection and treatment of ill birds, but involves many important matters such as the selection of flock, smart feeding, proper housing and environment, and successful management.

In the past few years, diseases in sheep have grabbed the headlines several times. The repercussions of a disease range from a sheep slaughter to an impediment in livestock yield. Some diseases are zoonotic diseases that can be passed from sheep to humans. Considering the major consequences of the diseases in sheep, several biologists are working towards providing an early warning system for sheep producers. Many diseases can be prevented through the proper control strategy or vet consultancy, if applied in a timely manner. However, to evaluate the symptoms of a disease, it is critical to be well versed with it. Therefore, in this book, efforts have been done to assemble a wide range of published research studies under this central theme. The first Chapter reports the colonization of the placenta without congenital malformations in sheep infected with Schmallenberg virus (SBV). The second Chapter describes the presence of antibodies against Akabane virus (AKAV) in ruminants in Nigeria. AKAV is a pathogen responsible for abortions and congenital malformations in ruminants. Chapter 3 accounts the popularity of Haemonchus contortus, a blood sucking parasite causing anemia, in slaughtered sheep in Iran. The characterization of one Chinese sheep Border disease virus (BDV) and the complete coding sequence of BDV strain JSLS12-01 are described in Chapters 4 and 5, respectively. Chapter 6 features the seroprevalence rates of Bluetongue disease in sheep in many areas of Iran. Brucellosis, world's major zoonosis, leads to abortion, infertility, and low milk yield. This disease has been reviewed in Chapter 7. Congenital disorders in sheep are discussed in the following two Chapters. Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease affecting human populations and domestic animal. Its prevalence in small ruminants in Mexico is discussed in Chapter 10. The gastrointestinal tract disorders in sheep are presented in the following two Chapters. Leptospirosis infection in sheep flocks in Southeast Brazil is described in Chapter 13. The prevalence of Lungworm infection in small ruminants in Southern Ethiopia is reported in Chapter 14. The bacteria and the characteristics of Mastitis in sheep are illustrated in Chapter 15. Nairobi sheep disease virus and the major cytokine responses in infected sheep are discussed in Chapter 16. Paresis and paralysis in sheep are described in Chapter 17. The transmission of bronchopneumonia infection from one infected animal to all sheep is talked about in Chapter 18. The epidemiological pattern of Q fever in domestic ruminants in described in Chapter 19. Retroviral infections and inherited Rickets in sheep are explained in Chapters 20 and 21, respectively. The evaluation of the haplotypes distribution in ancient sheep and the modern population is accounted in the following Chapter. The characterization of the orf virus and the spider lamb syndrome in sheep are discussed in Chapters 23 and 24, respectively. This book will be beneficial for students, researchers, teachers, and sheep producers.

Ruminants are mammals that possess specialized organs that allow microbial fermentation of ingested materials prior to digestion. Common examples of ruminants include cattle, sheep and even goats. Goats where one of the first animals to be domesticated and they may be used for their milk, meat and skin. They are susceptible to a number of diseases and disorders. This book introduces numerous diseases that affect goats and how goat health may impact human health. Some of these articles in this book outline the pathogenesis of goat diseases while others focus on treatment and prevention. The types of diseases discussed include bacterial and parasitic along with dietary and environmental. Other topics include skin diseases, protozoan infections, genetic risk factors of disease, viruses, animal vectors, lung infections, diagnostic tools, chronophysiological approaches to treating disease and treatment development. Upon completion of this book readers should have a new found understanding of the a broad plethora of diseases affecting goats.

Clinical pathology is important for the general and emergency care of both humans and animals. This practice is a commonly utilized tool in every veterinary clinic. Veterinary clinical pathology is the bedrock on which animal health welfare rests and veterinary pathologists throughout the world have made valuable contributions in the understanding in animal disease and their diagnosis and also in the teaching. Veterinary clinical pathology has made great strides in recent years. The advances may prove to be a great asset in the new millennium in research, disease investigation and differential diagnosis of animal diseases. With the advancement of knowledge most sensitive, quick, reliable and specific methods for diagnosis have been evolved. These methods are proving invaluable to the disease investigators. Moreover, modern techniques and tools are able to differentiate diseases at a molecular level. Recent advances in veterinary pathology, narrated in this review should be taken as complementary to the conventional methods of clinical pathology, histopathology and various cultural and serological tests. Most conventional methods have stood the test of time and would undoubtedly work in tandem with the newer molecular tools in veterinary pathology. Strong inputs of modern technology have to go into the various aspects of health care, viz. disease surveillance, prevention and effective therapeutic measures. The field of clinical pathology involves the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids, such as blood and urine, to study and diagnose diseases in animals. One of the primary techniques used in clinical pathology is histology, which involves the study of microscopic anatomy of the cells in the blood to determine their phenotype, function and relative abundance. Histology is a major focus of this book and a number of articles reviewing this specialty are given. Aside from histology this book also provides numerous examples of specific diseases and their diagnosis using techniques in clinical pathology. Some of the diseases, conditions and treatments discussed in this book include dermatological diseases, meningoencephalomyelitis, pain and inflammation, Monensin Toxicosis infection, Kidney ischaemia reperfusion injury, hormone replacement therapies, endosulfan, tadalafil and ochratoxin-A therapies, hepatitis, burns and cancer which is discussed in detail. Along with veterinary professionals, animal owners may gain valuable insights into clinical pathology through reviewing these materials. This book is intended to help prospective and active pathology trainees, their mentors, and educational administrators optimize opportunities to ensure the future vitality of veterinary pathologists, and their contributions, in basic and applied research.

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging represents a technique that is indispensable in every day biomedical diagnostics. Thanks to the numerous ways to manipulate and detect an NMR signal, it is possible to obtain a variety of information with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. Today's MRI techniques go far beyond the illustration of pure anatomical structures and include the revealing of processes down to the molecular level. The number of small animal imaging centers relying on MRI as a key method for preclinical research to understand diseases and to test for novel treatments is growing rapidly. In Vivo NMR Imaging: Methods and Protocols is written as an experimental laboratory text to provide a descriptive approach of the various applications of magnetic resonance imaging and its underlying principles. Starting from a compact introduction of basic NMR physics and image encoding techniques suitable for a broad audience in the life sciences, the concept focuses on addressing the many ways of generating contrast in MR images. The authors cover an interdisciplinary range of problems to be addressed by this non-invasive modality, including study protocols for addressing morphological, physiological, functional, and biochemical aspects of various tissues in living organisms. Information about practical aspects of designing experimental studies that follow the special conditions for micro imaging setups are also provided. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, In Vivo NMR Imaging: Methods and Protocols aims to be an experimental compendium of modern in vivo MR imaging with special focus on recent developments in molecular imaging and new protocols for imaging metabolism and molecular markers.

Biology of Ticks is the most comprehensive work on tick biology and tick-borne diseases. This second edition is a multi-authored work, featuring the research and analyses of renowned experts across the globe. Spanning two volumes, the book examines the systematics, biology, structure, ecological adaptations, evolution, genomics and the molecular processes that underpin the growth, development and survival of these important disease-transmitting parasites. Also discussed is the remarkable array of diseases transmitted (or caused) by ticks, as well as modern methods for their control. This book should serve as a modern reference for students, scientists, physicians, veterinarians and other specialists. Volume I covers the biology of the tick and features chapters on tick systematics, tick life cycles, external and internal anatomy, and others dedicated to specific organ systems, specifically, the tick integument, mouthparts and digestive system, salivary glands, waste removal, salivary glands, respiratory system, circulatory system and hemolymph, fat body, the nervous and sensory systems and reproductive systems. Volume II includes chapters on the ecology of non-nidicolous and nidicolous ticks, genetics and genomics (including the genome of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis) and immunity, including host immune responses to tick feeding and tick-host interactions, as well as the tick's innate immune system that prevents and/or controls microbial infections. Six chapters cover in depth the many diseases caused by the major tick-borne pathogens, including tick-borne protozoa, viruses, rickettsiae of all types, other types of bacteria (e.g., the Lyme disease agent) and diseases related to tick paralytic agents and toxins. The remaining chapters are devoted to tick control using vaccines, acaricides, repellents, biocontrol, and, finally, techniques for breeding ticks in order to develop tick colonies for scientific study.

The book contains detailed information about the infectious diseases of animals with their identification and treatments finding adequate space in the book. The book covers the following: Viral diseases: o Foot and mouth disease o Classical swine fever o Rabies o Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) o Goat pox o Sheep pox o Blue Tongue o Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis o Bovine ephemeral fever o Canine Parvovirus Infections. Bacterial diseases: o Black Quarter o Tuberculosis o Brucellosis o Glanders o Haemorrhagic Depticaemia o Leptospirosis o Strangles o Anthrax o Paratuberculosis

Despite the difficulty in comparing clinic-based human tests with animal model testing, there is still great value in pursuing translational approaches, as tests and treatment strategies might be developed to improve brain function in humans suffering from neurological conditions and knowledge obtained from human behavioral studies can be used to further improve the animal models of behavioral analysis. In Animal Models of Behavioral Analysis, expert neuroscientists focus on approaches to translate and compare behavioral tests used in animals with those used in humans not only to increase our understanding of brain function across species but also to provide objective performance measures and bridge the gap between behavioral alterations in humans with cognitive disorders and the correlating animal models of these conditions. Written in the Neuromethods series format, the chapters provide authoritative reviews of many commonly used approaches in the field today. Provocative and cutting-edge, Animal Models of Behavioral Analysis seeks to aid researchers in further developing these vital techniques in an effort to advance studies in both the clinic and the laboratory.

As part of the mucosal immune system, the intestine plays a paramount role in the immune response in all vertebrates. The mucosal immunity includes inductive and effector tissues, as well as effector cells and molecules, all of which are part of both innate and adaptive immunity and their connections. The digestive tract is the target organ of many parasites. In ectotherms, intestinal parasites include mainly flagellates, apicomplexans, myxozoans and helminths. The gut mucosal epithelium acts as a protective barrier against pathogens. This book presents and discusses current research in the study of mucosal intestinal immunity and response to parasite infections in ectothermic vertebrates.

Most human diseases come from nature, from pathogens that live and breed in non-human animals and are "accidentally" transmitted to us. Human illness is only the culmination of a complex series of interactions among species in their natural habitats. To avoid exposure to these pathogens, we must understand which species are involved, what regulates their abundance, and how they interact.
Lyme disease affects the lives of millions of people in the US, Europe, and Asia. It is the most frequently reported vector-borne disease in the United States; About 20,000 cases have been reported each year over the past five years, and tens of thousands more go unrecognized and unreported. Despite the epidemiological importance of understanding variable LD risk, such pursuit has been slow, indirect, and only partially successful, due in part to an overemphasis on identifying the small subset of 'key players' that contribute to Lyme disease risk, as well as a general misunderstanding of effective treatment options.
This controversial book is a comprehensive, synthetic review of research on the ecology of Lyme disease in North America. It describes how humans get sick, why some years and places are so risky and others not. It challenges dogma - for instance, that risk is closely tied to the abundance of deer - and replaces it with a new understanding that embraces the complexity of species and their interactions. It describes why the place where Lyme disease emerged - coastal New England - set researchers on mistaken pathways. It shows how tiny acorns have enormous impacts on our probability of getting sick, why biodiversity is good for our health, why living next to a small woodlot is dangerous, and why Lyme disease is an excellent model system for understanding many other human and animal diseases. Intended for an audience of professional and student ecologists, epidemiologists, and other health scientists, it is written in an informal style accessible also to non-scientists interested in human health and conservation.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) represents a threat to poultry industries worldwide and to people's livelihoods, and a potential threat to human health. The international community has a vested interest in minimizing the spread of this disease. Countries may be under threat of introduction of HPAI through unregulated poultry trade and marketing practices and, on rare occasions, exposure of poultry to wild birds, especially waterfowl. FAO and the World Organisation for Animal Health have prepared the first edition of this manual to help national animal health authorities and other stakeholders prepare for a possible incursion of HPAI, detect disease as soon as possible and respond as rapidly as possible to contain the disease. This second edition reflects lessons learned and provides additional details. This manual is an invaluable source of useful information for anyone involved in poultry-keeping and animal health practices.

RNA viruses provide unique insights into the patterns and processes of evolutionary change in real time. The study of viral evolution is especially topical given the growing awareness that emerging and re-emerging diseases (most of which are caused by RNA viruses) represent a major threat to public health. However, while the study of viral evolution has developed rapidly in the last 30 years, relatively little attention has been directed toward linking work on the mechanisms of viral evolution within cells or individual hosts, to the epidemiological outcomes of these processes. This novel book fills this gap by considering the patterns and processes of viral evolution across their entire range of spatial and temporal scales. The Evolution and Emergence of RNA Viruses provides a comprehensive overview of RNA virus evolution, with a particular focus on genomic and phylogenetic approaches. This is the first book to link mechanisms of viral evolution with disease dynamics, using high-profile examples in emergence and evolution such as influenza, HIV, dengue fever, and rabies. It also reveals the underlying evolutionary processes by which emerging viruses cross species boundaries and spread in new hosts.

Is it possible to omit parasites when studying free-living organisms? The answer is clearly no! Parasites have evolved independently in numerous animal lineages, and now make up a considerable proportion of the biodiversity of life. Ecologists, epidemiologists, conservationists and evolutionary biologists are increasingly aware of the universal significance of parasites to the study of ecology and evolution where they have become a powerful model system. This book provides a summary of the issues involved as well as an overview of the possibilities offered by this research topic including the practical applications for disease prevention. It uses well-documented case-studies across a range of scales to illustrate the main trends and prospects in this area, outlining areas for future research.
Ecology and Evolution of Parasitism is the first book to provide a broad synthesis of both the roles and consequences of pathogens on the ecology and evolution of free living systems. It focuses on hosts rather than the parasites themselves, integrating those aspects related to the ecology and the evolution of free-living species (sexual selection, behaviour, life history traits, regulation of populations etc.). The book includes examples across a range of scales from individuals to populations, communities and ecosystems.

This book is the first major synthesis of theory and empirical knowledge regarding the ecology and epidemiology of infectious diseases in natural, unmanaged, animal and plant populations. Throughout the book, the contributors develop a dialogue between the patterns observed in empirical studies of disease in natural populations and the mathematical models used to dissect and examine the observed epidemiological patterns. The book is divided into a number of reviews and group reports by experts in various fields. Two sections synthesize important issues relating to the dynamics of microparasites and macroparasites, while the others discuss spatial patterns in disease dynamics and the evolutionary biology of parasites, pathogens and their hosts. This book will be of use to graduate students and specialists in mathematical biology and epidemiology.

This unique volume of thirty essays, by fifty-three internationally known scholars, honours C.S. (Rufus) Churcher, the distinguished Canadian palaeontologist. The papers focus on late Cenozoic mammals in North America and Africa and provide both site-specific descriptions of faunas and their associated geological contexts, and more general syntheses of regional palaeoenvironments and biogeography. The volume provides a much-needed overview of current research. The stature of the researchers who have contributed to the volume, and the breadth of the material presented, is a reflection of Churcher’s diverse research interests. The first section contains eleven papers on the palaeoenvironment and palaeoecology of Quaternary mammals in North America; the second section has 9 contributions describing faunas and morphological analyses of North American Quaternary mammals; and the final section contains nine papers on the palaeoecology and palaeoenvironments of late Cenozoic mammals of Africa. In this final section, Alan Gentry pays tribute to Churcher by naming a species after him: Budorcas churcheri. The volume contains individual discussions of North American fossil prairie dogs, mastodons, zebras, short-faced bears, sabre cats, lions, giant armadillos, elk-moose, caribou and muskrats, as well as African hyaenas, zebras, hipparion horses, antelopes, rodents, and giraffes.

This book is the first major synthesis of theory and empirical knowledge regarding the ecology and epidemiology of infectious diseases in natural, unmanaged, animal and plant populations. Throughout the book, the contributors develop a dialogue between the patterns observed in empirical studies of disease in natural populations and the mathematical models used to dissect and examine the observed epidemiological patterns. The book is divided into a number of reviews and group reports by experts in various fields. Two sections synthesize important issues relating to the dynamics of microparasites and macroparasites, while the others discuss spatial patterns in disease dynamics and the evolutionary biology of parasites, pathogens and their hosts. This book will be of use to graduate students and specialists in mathematical biology and epidemiology.

Because autoimmune disorders can wreak havoc in both humans and animals, these disorders are now the objects of intense and focused research. This book details specific animal models for a variety of autoimmune disorders. The contributors are recognized authorities who deal with the panoply of experimentally induced autoimmune disorders, including encephalomyelitis, allergic neuritis, uveoretinitis, myocarditis, and hepatitis. Also included are discussions of spontaneously appearing diseases such as autoimmune thyroiditis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Many other disorders are also covered in this comprehensive guide. Certain to be an aid in the planning of individual experiments and broader research programs, this book will be a valuable addition to the library of all practicing immunologists interested in immune system function and dysfunction.