Intelligent Nanotechnology: Merging Nanoscience and Artificial Intelligence provides an overview of advances in science and technology made possible by the convergence of nanotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI). Sections focus on AI-enhanced design, characterization and manufacturing and the use of AI to improve important material properties, with an emphasis on mechanical, photonic, electronic and magnetic properties. Designing benign nanomaterials through the prediction of their impact on biology and the environment is also discussed. Other sections cover the use of AI in the acquisition and analysis of data in experiments and AI technologies that have been enhanced through nanotechnology platforms. Final sections review advances in applications enabled by the merging of nanotechnology and artificial intelligence, including examples from biomedicine, chemistry and automated research.

This book gives an overview of the latest progress in the domain of quantum imaging. It reflects three and a half years of research carried out by leading specialists in the area within the Quantum Imaging network, a research programme of the European Community.

Quantum Imaging is a newly born branch of quantum optics that investigates the ultimate performance limits of optical imaging allowed by the laws of quantum mechanics. Using the methods and techniques from quantum optics, quantum imaging addresses the questions of image formation, processing and detection with sensitivity and resolution exceeding the limits of classical imaging.

Nonlinear Stochastic Processes addresses the frequently-encountered problem of incomplete information. The causes of this problem considered here include: missing measurements; sensor delays and saturation; quantization effects; and signal sampling. Divided into three parts, the text begins with a focus on H filtering and control problems associated with general classes of nonlinear stochastic discrete-time systems. Filtering problems are considered in the second part, and in the third the theory and techniques previously developed are applied to the solution of issues arising in complex networks with the design of sampled-data-based controllers and filters. Among its highlights, the text provides: * a unified framework for filtering and control problems in complex communication networks with limited bandwidth; * new concepts such as random sensor and signal saturations for more realistic modeling; and * demonstration of the use of techniques such as the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs, difference linear matrix, and parameter-dependent matrix inequalities and sums of squares to handle the computational challenges inherent in these systems. The collection of recent research results presented in Nonlinear Stochastic Processes will be of interest to academic researchers in control and signal processing. Graduate students working with communication networks with lossy information and control of stochastic systems will also benefit from reading the book.

This book includes a comprehensive presentation of the fundamental physics of optical matter, the definition of material physical properties, the listing and comparison of the physical properties of infrared optical materials, and the theory, design, and survey of infrared optical coatings.

Starting from fundamentals and moving through a thorough discussion of equipment, methods, and techniques, the Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy provides a unique reference source that will be of value for many years to come for this important new analysis method. The authors, with a total of over 60 years of experience in the LIBS method, use a combination of tutorial discussions ranging from basic principles up to more advanced descriptions along with extensive figures and photographs to clearly explain topics addressed in the text. In this second edition, chapters on the use of statistical analysis and advances in detection of weapons of mass destruction have been added. Tables of data related to analysis with LIBS have been updated. The Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Second Edition: * provides a thorough but understandable discussion of the basic principles of the method based on atomic emission spectroscopy, including recently available data leading to better characterization of the LIBS plasma; * presents a discussion of the many advantages of the method along with limitations, to provide the reader a balanced overview of capabilities of the method; * describes LIBS instrumentation ranging from basic set-ups to more advanced configurations; * presents a comprehensive discussion of the different types of components (laser, spectrometers, detectors) that can be used for LIBS apparatuses along with suggestions for their use, as well as an up-to-date treatment of the newest advances and capabilities of LIBS instruments; * presents the analytical capabilities of the method in terms of detection limits, accuracy, and precision of measurements for a variety of different sample types; * discusses methods of sampling different media such as gases, liquids, and solids; * presents an overview of some real-world applications of the method, with new emphasis on sampling of biologically and physically dangerous materials; * provides an up-to-date list of references to LIBS literature along with the latest detection limits and a unique list of element detection limits using a uniform analysis method; * provides annotated examples of LIBS spectra which can serve as references for the general reader and will be especially useful for those starting out in the field.

Presents main concepts of mobile communication systems, both analog and digital Introduces concepts of probability, random variables and stochastic processes and their applications to the analysis of linear systems Includes five appendices covering Fourier series and transforms, GSM cellular systems and more

The book gives a comprehensive introduction to nano-optics The book is of interest to physicists, biologists and chemists The book may suggest directions to doctoral thesis investigations This volume presents a considerable number of interrelated contributions dealing with the new scientific ability to shape and control matter and electromagnetic fields on a sub-wavelength scale. The topics range from the fundamental ones, such as photonic metamateriials, plasmonics and sub-wavelength resolution to the more applicative, such as detection of single molecules, tomography on a micro-chip, fluorescence spectroscopy of biological systems, coherent control of biomolecules, biosensing of single proteins, terahertz spectroscopy of nanoparticles, rare earth ion-doped nanoparticles, random lasing, and nanocoax array architecture. The various subjects bridge over the disciplines of physics, biology and chemistry, making this volume of interest to people working in these fields. The emphasis is on the principles behind each technique and on examining the full potential of each technique. The contributions that appear in this volume were presented at a NATO Advanced Study Institute that was held in Erice, Italy, 3-18 July, 2011. The pedagogical aspect of the Institute is reflected in the topics presented in this volume.

In this introduction to vision models and their use in image and video processing applications, prominent authors take on an engineering and signal processing approach. It is intended for an engineering audience that wants to use and become familiar with vision models.

This book is the result of two decades of research work which started with an accidental observation. One of my students, Dipl. phys. Volkmar Lenz, - ticed that the speckle pattern of laser light scattered by a cuvette containing diluted milk performed a strange motion every time he came near the cuvette with his thumb. After thinkingabout this e?ect we came to the conclusion that this motion can only be caused by scatteringparticles with di?erent velocities, as in the case of the di?raction pattern of an optical grating: A linear motion of the grating does not change the pattern whereas a rotation of the grating does. The observed speckle motion could then be explained qualitatively as produced by the inhomogeneous velocity of the convection within the cuvette which was produced by the heat of the thumb. The theoretical treatment of this e?ect revealed that the velocity gradient of the light scattering medium is responsible for the speckle motion. The idea to use this e?ect for developingmeasurement techniques for velocity gradients arose almost immediately. For that purpose we had to develop not only experimental set-ups to measure the pattern velocity but also the theory which describes the connection between this velocity and the velocity gradient. The result of this work together with the description of a method developed by another group forms the contents of this book. I am indebted to the students who worked in my laboratory and developed the measurement techniques. These were, in temporal order, Dr.

The purpose of this book is to provide a practical introduction to the th- ries, techniques and applications of image fusion. The present work has been designed as a textbook for a one-semester ?nal-year undergraduate, or ?r- year graduate, course in image fusion. It should also be useful to practising engineers who wish to learn the concepts of image fusion and apply them to practical applications. In addition, the book may also be used as a supp- mentary text for a graduate course on topics in advanced image processing. The book complements the author's previous work on multi-sensor data [1] fusion by concentrating exclusively on the theories, techniques and app- cations of image fusion. The book is intended to be self-contained in so far as the subject of image fusion is concerned, although some prior exposure to the ?eld of computer vision and image processing may be helpful to the reader. Apart from two preliminary chapters, the book is divided into three parts.

Large scale optical mapping methods are in great demand among scientists who study different aspects of the seabed, and have been fostered by impressive advances in the capabilities of underwater robots in gathering optical data from the seafloor. Cost and weight constraints mean that low-cost ROVs usually have a very limited number of sensors. When a low-cost robot carries out a seafloor survey using a down-looking camera, it usually follows a predefined trajectory that provides several non time-consecutive overlapping image pairs. Finding these pairs (a process known as topology estimation) is indispensable to obtaining globally consistent mosaics and accurate trajectory estimates, which are necessary for a global view of the surveyed area, especially when optical sensors are the only data source. This book contributes to the state-of-art in large area image mosaicing methods for underwater surveys using low-cost vehicles equipped with a very limited sensor suite. The main focus has been on global alignment and fast topology estimation, which are the most challenging steps in creating large area image mosaics. This book is intended to emphasise the importance of the topology estimation problem and to present different solutions using interdisciplinary approaches opening a way to further develop new strategies and methodologies.

This book presents scientific and technological innovations and advancements already developed or under development in academia, industry, and research communities. It includes fundamental ideas and advancement in terahertz technology covering high intensity terahertz wave generation, THz detection, different modes of THz wave generation, THz modulation system, and terahertz propagation channel modeling. It highlights methodologies for the design of terahertz components and system technologies including emerging applications. The chapter contents are based on theoretical, methodological, well-established, and validated empirical work dealing with different topics in the terahertz domain. The book covers a very broad audience ranging from basic sciences to experts and learners in engineering and technology. It would be a good reference for advanced ideas and concepts in THz technology which will best suit microwave, biomedical, and electrical and communication engineers working towards next-generation technology.

After theend ofthe 20th century, the science ofcrystallizationreached a truly exciting stage where new opportunities emerged in both theory and expe- ment. Variousphysical methodsare capableofresolvingthesurface as wellas theinsidestructureofcrystalsattheatomiclevelwhilenewhigh-performance computingresourcesaffordthecapabilityofmodelingthecomplexlarge-scale alignmentsnecessarytosimulatecrystallizationinrealsystems.Asaresult,the science of crystallization has shifted gradually fromstatic to dynamic science and considerable progress now underlies the complex but beautiful cryst- lization process. I believe that if a de?nitive history of 21st century science is ever written,one of the highlightswill be the science ofcrystallization. This science has the following characteristics: in?nite advances in soph- tication, unlimited opportunities not only for intellectual excitement but also forindustrialmerit,strongcollaborationwithbiologyandmaterialscience,as wellaswithallareasofchemistry.Thevastpotentialofcrystallizationasan- portant?eld ofscience isfar beyondthesimple technologyofpharmaceutical industries during the 20th century. Optical resolution was one small area of chemistry in the last century. This was more a technology than a science, largely because trial and error was the only method to obtain good results. However, the situation is now changing. Therearesomanyappealing,hidden?ndingsintheprocessofcrystallization. Historically, crystallization began in an old laboratory in academia and then gradually shifted to industry. Now,it is making itscomeback in academia due toseveralnewresearchbranchestryingtodiscoverwhatisgoingonduringthe crystallizationprocess.Ibelieve this?eld ofscience isnowgrowingasa result of the wonderfulcoupling between industry and academia. I read a prepublication draft of Novel Optical Resolution Technologies,and foundthateachoneofthesegeneralcharacteristicsofsciencehadarealityand sharpness that I had not expected. While it was a sheer delight to revisit each of these triumphs guided by the wise insights and analyses found throughout the book. There is a good balance between the underlying historical material and the design and execution aspects of each topic.

This book addresses the need for energy-efficient amplifiers, providing gain enhancement strategies, suitable to run in parallel with lower supply voltages, by introducing a new family of single-stage cascode-free amplifiers, with proper design, optimization, fabrication and experimental evaluation. The authors describe several topologies, using the UMC 130 nm CMOS technology node with standard-VT devices, for proof-of-concept, achieving results far beyond what is achievable with a classic single-stage folded-cascode amplifier. Readers will learn about a new family of circuits with a broad range of applications, together with the familiarization with a state-of-the-art electronic design automation methodology used to explore the design space of the proposed circuit family.

China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC 2022) Proceedings presents selected research papers from CSNC 2022 held during 22nd-25th May, 2022 in Beijing, China. These papers discuss the technologies and applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and the latest progress made in the China BeiDou System (BDS) especially. They are divided into 10 topics to match the corresponding sessions in CSNC2022 which broadly covered key topics in GNSS. Readers can learn about the BDS and keep abreast of the latest advances in GNSS techniques and applications.

This book provides readers with the necessary background information and advanced concepts in the field of circuits, at the crossroads between physics, mathematics and system theory. It covers various engineering subfields, such as electrical devices and circuits, and their electronic counterparts. Based on the idea that a modern university course should provide students with conceptual tools to understand the behavior of both linear and nonlinear circuits, to approach current problems posed by new, cutting-edge devices and to address future developments and challenges, the book places equal emphasis on linear and nonlinear, two-terminal and multi-terminal, as well as active and passive circuit components. This second volume focuses on dynamical circuits, which are characterized by time evolution and by the concept of state. The content is divided into a set of introductory and a set of advanced-level topics, mirroring the approach used in the previously published volume. Whenever possible, circuits are compared to physical systems of different natures (e.g. mechanical or biological) that exhibit the same dynamical behavior. The book also features a wealth of examples and numerous solved problems. Further topics, such as a more general framing of linear and nonlinear components, will be discussed in volume 3.

Macromolecular self-assembly - driven by weak, non-covalent, intermolecular forces - is a common principle of structure formation in natural and synthetic organic materials. The variability in material arrangement on the nanometre length scale makes this an ideal way of matching the structure-function demands of photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, suitable soft matter systems typically lack the appropriate photoactivity, conductivity or chemically stability. This thesis explores the implementation of soft matter design principles for inorganic thin film nanoarchitectures. Sacrificial block copolymers and colloids are employed as structure-directing agents for the co-assembly of solution-based inorganic materials, such as TiO_2 and SiO_2. Novel fabrication and characterization methods allow unprecedented control of material formation on the 10 - 500 nm length scale, allowing the design of material architectures with interesting photonic and optoelectronic properties.

This book brings together in a single volume the most up-to-date results in the field presented at Ultrafast Optics and Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources 2005. The volume contains keynote and invited contributions together with carefully selected regular contributions. The book aims at the highest level of presentation to make it useful as a reference for those working in the field.

Intelligent multimedia surveillance concerns the analysis of multiple sensing inputs including video and audio streams, radio-frequency identification (RFID), and depth data. These data are processed for the automated detection and tracking of people, vehicles, and other objects. The goal is to locate moving targets, to understand their behavior, and to detect suspicious or abnormal activities for crime prevention. Despite its benefits, there is societal apprehension regarding the use of such technology, so an important challenge in this research area is to balance public safety and privacy.

This edited book presents recent findings in the field of intelligent multimedia surveillance emerging from disciplines such as multimedia computing, computer vision, and artificial intelligence. It consists of nine chapters addressing intelligent video surveillance, video analysis of crowds, privacy issues in intelligent multimedia surveillance, RFID technology for localization of objects, object tracking using visual saliency information, estimating multiresolution depth using active stereo vision, and performance evaluation for video surveillance systems.

The book will be of value to researchers and practitioners working on related problems in security, multimedia, and artificial intelligence."

This book includes a selection of reviewed papers presented at the 11th China Academic Conference on Printing and Packaging, held on November 26-29, 2020, Guangzhou, China. The conference is jointly organized by China Academy of Printing Technology and South China University of Technology. With 10 keynote talks and 200 presented papers on graphic communication and packaging technologies, the conference attracted more than 300 scientists. The proceedings cover the recent findings in color science and technology, image processing technology, digital media technology, mechanical and electronic engineering and numerical control, materials and detection, digital process management technology in printing and packaging, and other technologies. As such, the book is of interest to university researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in the field of graphic arts, packaging, color science, image science, material science, computer science, digital media, network technology and smart manufacturing technology.

Neutron Applications in Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences offers a comprehensive overview of the wide ranging applications of neutron scattering techniques to elucidate the fundamental materials properties at the nano-, micro- and meso-scale, which underpin research in the related fields of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences. Introductions to neutron scattering fundamentals and instrumentation are paired with a thorough review of the applications to a large variety of scientific and technological problems, written through the direct experience of leading scientists in each field. Tailored to a wide audience, this volume provides the novice with an inspiring introduction and stimulates the expert to consider these non-conventional problem solving techniques in his/her field of interest. Earth and environmental scientists, engineers, researchers and graduate students involved with materials science will find Neutron Applications in Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences a valuable ready-to-use reference.

This book presents posits a solution to the current limitations in global connectivity by introducing a global laser/optical communication system using constellation satellites, UAVs, HAPs and Balloons. The author outlines how this will help to satisfy the tremendous increasing demand for data exchange and information between end-users worldwide including in remote locations. The book provides both fundamentals and the advanced technology development in establishing worldwide communication and global connectivity using, (I) All-Optical technology, and (ii) Laser/Optical Communication Constellation Satellites (of different types, sizes and at different orbits), UAVs, HAPs (High Altitude Platforms) and Balloons. The book discusses step-by-step methods to develop a satellite backbone in order to interconnect a number of ground nodes clustered within a few SD-WAN (software-defined networking) in a wide area network (WAN) around the world in order to provide a fully-meshed communication network. This book pertains to anyone in optical communications, telecommunications, and system engineers, as well as technical managers in the aerospace industry and the graduate students, and researchers in academia and research laboratory. Proposed a solution to the limitations in global connectivity through a global laser/optical communication system using constellation satellites, UAVs, HAPs and Balloons; Provides both fundamentals and the advanced technology development in establishing global communication connectivity using optical technology and communication constellation satellites; Includes in-depth coverage of the basics of laser/optical communication constellation satellites.

Over the course of a scientific career spanning more than fifty years, Alex Grossmann (1930-2019) made many important contributions to a wide range of areas including, among others, mathematics, numerical analysis, physics, genetics, and biology.  His lasting influence can be seen not only in his research and numerous publications, but also through the relationships he cultivated with his collaborators and students.  This edited volume features chapters written by some of these colleagues, as well as researchers whom Grossmann’s work and way of thinking has impacted in a decisive way.  Reflecting the diversity of his interests and their interdisciplinary nature, these chapters explore a variety of current topics in quantum mechanics, elementary particles, and theoretical physics; wavelets and mathematical analysis; and genomics and biology.  A scientific biography of Grossmann, along with a more personal biography written by his son, serve as an introduction.  Also included are the introduction to his PhD thesis and an unpublished paper coauthored by him.  Researchers working in any of the fields listed above will find this volume to be an insightful and informative work.

The Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Opto-Electronics and Applied Optics, OPTRONIX 2016 is an effort to promote and present the research works by scientists and researchers including students in India and abroad in the area of Green Photonics and other related areas as well as to raise awareness about the recent trends of research and development in the area of the related fields. The book has been organized in such a way that it will be easier for the readers to go through and find out the topic of their interests. The first part includes the Keynote addresses by Rajesh Gupta, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay; P.T. Ajith Kumar, President and Leading Scientist Light Logics Holography and Optics, Crescent Hill, Trivandrum, Kerala; and K.K. Ghosh, Institute of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, India. The second part focuses on the Plenary and Invited Talks given by eminent scientists namely, Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan, University of Waterloo, Canada; Motoharu Fujigaki, University of Fukuii, Japan; Takeo Sasaki, Tokyo University of Science, Japan; Kehar Singh, Former Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India; Rajpal S. Sirohi, Tezpur University, India; Ajoy Kumar Chakraborty, Institute of Engineering & Management, India; Lakshminarayan Hazra, Emeritus Professor, Calcutta University, India; S.K. Bhadra, Emeritus Scientist, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, India; Partha Roy Chaudhuri, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India; Navin Nishchal, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, India; Tarun Kumar Gangopadhyay, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, India; Samudra Roy, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India; Kamakhya Ghatak, University of Engineering & Management, India. The subsequent parts focus on contributory papers in : Green Photonics; Fibre and Integrated Optics; Lasers, Interferometry; Optical Communication and Networks; Optical and Digital Data and Image Processing; Opto-Electronic Devices, Terahertz Technology; Nano-Photonics, Bio-Photonics, Bio-Medical Optics; Lasers, Quantum Optics and Information Technology; E. M. Radiation Theory and Antenna; Cryptography; Quantum and Non-Linear Optics, Opto-Electronic Devices; Non-Linear Waveguides; Micro-Electronics and VLSI; Interdisciplinary.

This open access book presents established methods of structural health monitoring (SHM) and discusses their technological merit in the current aerospace environment. While the aerospace industry aims for weight reduction to improve fuel efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and to decrease maintenance time and operating costs, aircraft structures are often designed and built heavier than required in order to accommodate unpredictable failure. A way to overcome this approach is the use of SHM systems to detect the presence of defects. This book covers all major contemporary aerospace-relevant SHM methods, from the basics of each method to the various defect types that SHM is required to detect to discussion of signal processing developments alongside considerations of aerospace safety requirements. It will be of interest to professionals in industry and academic researchers alike, as well as engineering students. This article/publication is based upon work from COST Action CA18203 (ODIN - http://odin-cost.com/), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation.