Written by respected experts, this book highlights the latest findings on the electromagnetic ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) imaging method. It introduces main topics as the Time of Flight (TOF) extraction method for the guided wave signal, tomography and scattering imaging methods which can be used to improve the imaging accuracy of defects. Further, it offers essential insights into how electromagnetic UGW can be used in nondestructive testing (NDT) and defect imaging. As such, the book provides valuable information, useful methods and practical experiments that will benefit researchers, scientists and engineers in the field of NDT.

The Encyclopedia of Modern Optics, Second Edition, Five Volume Set provides a wide-ranging overview of the field, comprising authoritative reference articles for undergraduate and postgraduate students and those researching outside their area of expertise. Topics covered include classical and quantum optics, lasers, optical fibers and optical fiber systems, optical materials and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Articles cover all subfields of optical physics and engineering, such as electro-optical design of modulators and detectors. This update contains contributions from international experts who discuss topics such as nano-photonics and plasmonics, optical interconnects, photonic crystals and 2D materials, such as graphene or holy fibers. Other topics of note include solar energy, high efficiency LED's and their use in illumination, orbital angular momentum, quantum optics and information, metamaterials and transformation optics, high power fiber and UV fiber lasers, random lasers and bio-imaging.

This book provides in-depth explanations of design theories and methods for remote sensing satellites, as well as their practical applications. There have been significant advances in spacecraft remote sensing technologies over the past decade. As the latest edition of the book "Space Science and Technology Research," it draws on the authors' vast engineering experience in system design for remote sensing satellites and offers a valuable guide for all researchers, engineers and students who are interested in this area. Chiefly focusing on mission requirements analyses and system design, it also highlights a range of system design methods.

The book covers a wide range of wireless communication and network technologies, and will help readers understand the role of wireless technologies in applications touching on various spheres of human life, e.g. healthcare, agriculture, building smart cities, forecasting and the manufacturing industry. The book begins by discussing advances in wireless communication, including emerging trends and research directions for network technologies. It also highlights the importance of and need to actively develop these technologies. In turn, the book addresses different algorithms and methodologies which could be beneficial in implementing 5G Mobile Communication, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET), Reliable Cooperative Networks, Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) and many more contexts related to advanced communications. It then addresses the prominence of wireless communication in connection with the Internet of Things (IoT), Mobile Opportunistic Networks and Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN). Lastly, it presents the new horizons in architecture and building protocols for Li-Fi (Light-Fidelity) and Wearable Sensor Technology.

This book provides scientific understanding of the most central techniques used in speech coding both for advanced students as well as professionals with a background in speech audio and or digital signal processing. It provides a clear connection between the Why's?, How's?, and What's, such that the necessity, purpose and solutions provided by tools should be always within sight, as well as their strengths and weaknesses in each respect. Equivalently, this book sheds light on the following perspectives for each technology presented: Objective: What do we want to achieve and especially why is this goal important? Resource / Information: What information is available and how can it be useful? Resource / Platform: What kind of platforms are we working with and what are the capabilities/restrictions of those platforms? This includes properties such as computational, memory, acoustic and transmission capacity of devices used. Solutions: Which solutions have been proposed and how can they be used to reach the stated goals? Strengths and weaknesses: In which ways do the solutions fulfill the objectives and where are they insufficient? Are resources used efficiently? This book concentrates solely on code excited linear prediction and its derivatives since mainstream speech codecs are based on linear prediction It also concentrates exclusively on time domain techniques because frequency domain tools are to a large extent common with audio codecs.

The increasing interest in the bio-impedance analysis in various fields has increased the demand for portable and low-cost impedance analyzers that can be used in the field. Simplifying the hardware is crucial to maintaining low-cost and portability, but this is not an easy task due to the need for accurate phase and magnitude measurements. This book discusses different portable impedance analyzers design techniques. Additionally, complete designs using two different approaches are reported. The first approach utilizes a commercially available single chip solution while the second one is based on a new measurement technique that eliminates the need to measure the phase by using a software algorithm to extract it from the magnitude information. Applications to the measurement of fruit bio-impedance are emphasized and compared with measurements from professional stand-alone impedance analyzers.

The book is a compilation of best papers presented at International Conference on Recent Advancement in Computer and Communication (ICRAC 2017) organized by IMPLab Research and Innovation Foundation, Bhopal, India. The book covers all aspects of computers and communication techniques including pervasive computing, distributed computing, cloud computing, sensor and adhoc network, image, text and speech processing, pattern recognition and pattern analysis, digital signal processing, digital electronics, telecommunication technologies, robotics, VLSI technologies, embedded system, satellite communication, digital signal processing, and digital communication. The papers included are original research works of experts from industry, government centers and academic institutions; experienced in engineering, design and research.

Biomedical signals provide unprecedented insight into abnormal or anomalous neurological conditions. The computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system plays a key role in detecting neurological abnormalities and improving diagnosis and treatment consistency in medicine. This book covers different aspects of biomedical signals-based systems used in the automatic detection/identification of neurological disorders. Several biomedical signals are introduced and analyzed, including electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), magnetoencephalogram (MEG), and electromyogram (EMG). It explains the role of the CAD system in processing biomedical signals and the application to neurological disorder diagnosis. The book provides the basics of biomedical signal processing, optimization methods, and machine learning/deep learning techniques used in designing CAD systems for neurological disorders.

This thesis investigates passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers by numerical methods. The understanding and optimization of such devices is crucial to the advancement of technologies such as optical data communication and dual comb spectroscopy. The focus of the thesis is therefore on the development of efficient numerical models, which are able both to perform larger parameter studies and to provide quantitative predictions. Along with that, visualization and evaluation techniques for the rich spatio-temporal laser dynamics are developed; these facilitate the physical interpretation of the observed features. The investigations in this thesis revolve around two specific semiconductor devices, namely a monolithically integrated three-section tapered quantum-dot laser and a V-shaped external cavity laser. In both cases, the simulations closely tie in with experimental results, which have been obtained in collaboration with the TU Darmstadt and the ETH Zurich. Based on the successful numerical reproduction of the experimental findings, the emission dynamics of both lasers can be understood in terms of the cavity geometry and the active medium dynamics. The latter, in particular, highlights the value of the developed simulation tools, since the fast charge-carrier dynamics are generally not experimentally accessible during mode-locking operation. Lastly, the numerical models are used to perform laser design explorations and thus to derive recommendations for further optimizations.

This book offers a tutorial on the response of materials to lasers, with an emphasis on simple, intuitive models with analytical and mathematical solutions, using techniques such as Laplace Transformation to solve most complex heat conduction equations. It examines the relationship between existing thermal parameters of simple metals and looks at the characteristics of materials and their properties in order to investigate and perform theoretical analysis from a heat conduction perspective mathematically. Topics discussed include optical reflectivity of metals at infrared (IR) wavelengths, laser-induced heat flow in materials, the effects of melting and vaporization, the impulse generated in materials by pulsed radiation, and the influence of the absorption in the blow-off region in irradiated material. Written for engineers, scientists, and graduate-level engineering and physics students, Thermal Effects of High Power Laser Energy on Materials provides an in-depth look at high energy laser technology and its potential industrial and commercial applications in such areas as precision cutting, LIDAR and LADAR, and communications. The knowledge gained from this allows you to apply spaced-based relay mirror in order to compensate laser beam divergence back to its original coherency by preventing further thermal blooming that takes place during laser beam propagation through the atmosphere. Examines the state-of-the-art in currently available high energy laser technologies; Includes computer codes that deal with the response of materials to laser radiation; Provides detailed mathematical solutions of thermal response to laser radiation.

This book provides the reader with the knowledge necessary for comprehension of the field of Intelligent Audio Analysis. It firstly introduces standard methods and discusses the typical Intelligent Audio Analysis chain going from audio data to audio features to audio recognition. Further, an introduction to audio source separation, and enhancement and robustness are given. After the introductory parts, the book shows several applications for the three types of audio: speech, music, and general sound. Each task is shortly introduced, followed by a description of the specific data and methods applied, experiments and results, and a conclusion for this specific task. The books provides benchmark results and standardized test-beds for a broader range of audio analysis tasks. The main focus thereby lies on the parallel advancement of realism in audio analysis, as too often today's results are overly optimistic owing to idealized testing conditions, and it serves to stimulate synergies arising from transfer of methods and leads to a holistic audio analysis.

This book enables readers to achieve ultra-low energy digital system performance. The author's main focus is the energy consumption of microcontroller architectures in digital (sub)-systems. The book covers a broad range of topics extensively: from circuits through design strategy to system architectures. The result is a set of techniques and a context to realize minimum energy digital systems. Several prototype silicon implementations are discussed, which put the proposed techniques to the test. The achieved results demonstrate an extraordinary combination of variation-resilience, high speed performance and ultra-low energy.

This book presents the proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Robotics in Alpe-Adria-Danube Region, RAAD 2021, held in Poitiers, France, 21-23 June 2021. It gathers contributions by researchers from several countries on all major areas of robotic research, development and innovation, as well as new applications and current trends. The topics covered include: novel designs and applications of robotic systems, intelligent cooperating and service robots, advanced robot control, human-robot interfaces, robot vision systems, mobile robots, humanoid and walking robots, bio-inspired and swarm robotic systems, aerial, underwater and spatial robots, robots for ambient assisted living, medical robots and bionic prostheses, cognitive robots, cloud robotics, ethical and social issues in robotics, etc. Given its scope, the book offers a source of information and inspiration for researchers seeking to improve their work and gather new ideas for future developments.

This book gathers high-quality papers presented at the International Conference on Smart Trends for Information Technology and Computer Communications (SmartCom 2019), organized by the Global Knowledge Research Foundation (GR Foundation) from 24 to 25 January 2019. It covers the state-of-the-art and emerging topics pertaining to information, computer communications, and effective strategies for their use in engineering and managerial applications. It also explores and discusses the latest technological advances in, and future directions for, information and knowledge computing and its applications.

This book is a collection of the best research papers presented at the 8th International Conference on Innovations in Electronics and Communication Engineering at Guru Nanak Institutions Hyderabad, India. Featuring contributions by researchers, technocrats and experts, the book covers various areas of communication engineering, like signal processing, VLSI design, embedded systems, wireless communications, and electronics and communications in general, as well as cutting-edge technologies. As such, it is a valuable reference resource for young researchers.

This book describes the next generation of industry-Industry 4.0-and how it holds the promise of increased flexibility in manufacturing, along with automation, better quality, and improved productivity. The authors discuss how it thus enables companies to cope with the challenges of producing increasingly individualized products with a short lead-time to market and higher quality. The authors posit that intelligent cloud services and resource sharing play an important role in Industry 4.0 anticipated Fourth Industrial Revolution. This book serves the different issues and challenges in cloud resource management CRM techniques with proper propped solution for IT organizations. The book features chapters based on the characteristics of autonomic computing with its applicability in CRM. Each chapter features the techniques and analysis of each mechanism to make better resource management in cloud.

The book is a collection of high-quality research papers presented at 7th Euro-China Conference on Intelligent Data Analysis and Applications, hosted by Communication University of Zhejiang, China and technically co-sponsored by Shandong University of Science and Technology, China; Zhejiang Lab, China; and Fujian University of Technology, China. The book covers areas like intelligent data analysis, computational intelligences, signal processing, and all associated applications of artificial intelligence.

In this book we present a snapshot of the state of the art in photonics in 1994, showing typical applications and emerging new ones; discussing the key technologies behind these applications, their limitations, and prospects. The articles in this book are extended versions of the papers presented at the first International Conference on Applications ofPhotonic Technology (ICAPT'94), held in Toronto, Canada, on June 21-23, 1994. Photonics has been recognized as one of the key technologies for the 21 st century, as electronics was the technology of the 20th centrury and electrical engineering changed the life of people in the 19th century. According to the recent report of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in Paris (OECD), the market for photonics will grow dramatically in the next 10 years with an expected world-wide expenditure of US $230 billion from some US $30 billion in 1992. The explosion of information technology was the largest driving force for the deployment of photonic technology. It created insatiable demand for ever-higher data transmission and processing rates, which cannot be sustained by electronics alone. Boosted by the enonnous investment of the telecommunications and defense industries, the demand for photonics (or optoelectronics) is steadily increasing. It is solidly established in the long haul communications, laser printers and CD-ROMs."

This book covers terahertz antenna technology for imaging and sensing, along with its various applications. The authors discuss the use of terahertz frequency and photoconductive antenna technology for imaging applications, such as biological and bio-medical applications, non-destructive inspection of fabrics and plastics, analysis of hydration levels or detecting the presence of metallic components in samples, and detecting a variety of materials with unique spectral fingerprints in the terahertz frequency range, such as different types of explosives or several compounds used in the fabrication of medicines. Provides a comprehensive review of terahertz source and detector for imaging and sensing; Discusses photoconductive antenna technology for imaging and sensing; Presents modalities for improving the photoconductive dipole antenna performance for imaging and sensing; Explores applications in tomographic imaging, art conservation and the pharmaceutical and aerospace industries.

This book presents recent advances in NLP and speech technology, a topic attracting increasing interest in a variety of fields through its myriad applications, such as the demand for speech guided touchless technology during the Covid-19 pandemic. The authors present results of recent experimental research that provides contributions and solutions to different issues related to speech technology and speech in industry. Technologies include natural language processing, automatic speech recognition (for under-resourced dialects) and speech synthesis that are useful for applications such as intelligent virtual assistants, among others. Applications cover areas such as sentiment analysis and opinion mining, Arabic named entity recognition, and language modelling. This book is relevant for anyone interested in the latest in language and speech technology.

This book features the proceedings of The EAI International Conference on Big Data Innovation for Sustainable Cognitive Computing (BDCC 2020), which took place 18 - 19 December 2020. The papers feature detail on cognitive computing and its self-learning systems that use data mining, pattern recognition and natural language processing (NLP) to mirror the way the human brain works. This international conference focuses on technologies from knowledge representation techniques and natural language processing algorithms to dynamic learning approaches. Topics covered include Data Science for Cognitive Analysis, Real-Time Ubiquitous Data Science, Platform for Privacy Preserving Data Science, and Internet-Based Cognitive Platform.

It is becoming crucial to accurately estimate and monitor speech quality in various ambient environments to guarantee high quality speech communication. This practical hands-on book shows speech intelligibility measurement methods so that the readers can start measuring or estimating speech intelligibility of their own system. The book also introduces subjective and objective speech quality measures, and describes in detail speech intelligibility measurement methods. It introduces a diagnostic rhyme test which uses rhyming word-pairs, and includes: An investigation into the effect of word familiarity on speech intelligibility. Speech intelligibility measurement of localized speech in virtual 3-D acoustic space using the rhyme test. Estimation of speech intelligibility using objective measures, including the ITU standard PESQ measures, and automatic speech recognizers.

Authored by a panel of experts in the field, this book focuses on hyperspectral image analysis, systems, and applications. With discussion of application-based projects and case studies, this professional reference will bring you up-to-date on this pervasive technology, wether you are working in the military and defense fields, or in remote sensing technology, geoscience, or agriculture.

This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on VLSI, Communication and Signal processing (VCAS 2018). It looks at latest research findings in VLSI design and applications. The book covers a wide range of topics in electronics and communication engineering, especially in the area of microelectronics and VLSI design, communication systems and networks, and image and signal processing. The contents of this book will be useful to researchers and professionals alike.

This book presents select papers from the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication, Computing and Electronics (IC3E 2018). Covering the latest theories and methods in three related fields - electronics, communication and computing, it describes cutting-edge methods and applications in the areas of signal and image processing, cyber security, human-computer interaction, machine learning, electronic devices, nano-electronics, wireless sensor networks, antenna and wave propagation, and mobile communication. The contents of this book will be beneficial to students, researchers, and professionals working in the field of networks and communications.