This reference tutorial contains modern experimental approaches to analysis of strain-stress distribution based on interference-optical methods of registration of strain or displacement fields, including coherent-optical techniques (holographic interferometry, speckle photography, electronic digital speckle interferometry techniques) and photoelastic methods as well as the shadow optical method of caustic. The book describes the theory, efficient scope of application in the every-day practice and the problems of further development of these techniques. Much attention is paid to new and promising advanced developments in the field of observation and computational methods for study of residual stress, determination of fracture mechanics parameters and material deformation characteristics. The content corresponds to the course of lectures delivered by the author at the N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University. It is intended for technical university students, research engineers and postgraduate students who are doing analysis of strain-stress state and strength of structural elements.

The domains of Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning have experienced exceptional interest and growth, however the overwhelming number of methods and applications can make the fields seem bewildering. This text offers an accessible and conceptually rich introduction, a solid mathematical development emphasizing simplicity and intuition. Students beginning to explore pattern recognition do not need a suite of mathematically advanced methods or complicated computational libraries to understand and appreciate pattern recognition; rather the fundamental concepts and insights, eminently teachable at the undergraduate level, motivate this text. This book provides methods of analysis that the reader can realistically undertake on their own, supported by real-world examples, case-studies, and worked numerical / computational studies.

The 11th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers had contributions in the following topical areas: Transient Collisional X-Ray Lasers, Table-Top High Repetition Rate X-Ray Lasers, Optical-Field Ionised (OFI) X-Ray Lasers, Theory and Simulation of X-Ray Lasers, High Order Harmonic Generation, XUV Optics and X-Ray Laser Applications, Capillary Discharge X-Ray Lasers, Alternative Sources of coherent XUV Radiation.

The proceedings of this conference constitute a comprehensive source of reference for scientists involved in researching the development and application of coherent X-Ray sources.

This book is intended to provide an expert guidance through the properties of photonic crystal fibers, with a specific focus on the telecommunication aspects. The authors believe that photonic crystal fibers can revolutionize the field of guided optics and its applications, especially when considering signal processing and specific functions rather than the usage in long distance transmission. They provide a deep analysis of how the physical and geometrical characteristics of these new fibers can be tailored to achieve the goal of ad hoc performances, using the powerful numerical approach of the finite element method, and keeping in mind the possibilities and limits of photonic crystal fiber fabrication technology.

This book focuses the recent progress in nanophotonics technology to be used to develop novel nano-optical devices, fabrication technology, and advanced systems. It begins with a review of near-field excitation dynamics in molecules. Further topics include: wavelength up-converting a phonon-assisted excitation process with degenerate beams and non-degenerate beams in dye grains, a fabrication method of semiconductor quantum dots including self-assembly of InAs quantum dots based on the Stranski-Krastanov growth mode, single-nanotube spectroscopy and time-resolved spectroscopy for studying novel excitonic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. The striking features of ecxitons in the carbon nanotube, multiple-exciton states, and microfluidic and extended-nano fluidic techniques. These topics are reviewed by nine leading scientists. This overview is a variable resource for engineers and scientists working in the field of nanophotonics.

This book brings together geometric tools and their applications for Information analysis. It collects current and many uses of in the interdisciplinary fields of Information Geometry Manifolds in Advanced Signal, Image & Video Processing, Complex Data Modeling and Analysis, Information Ranking and Retrieval, Coding, Cognitive Systems, Optimal Control, Statistics on Manifolds, Machine Learning, Speech/sound recognition and natural language treatment which are also substantially relevant for the industry.

The textbook presents basic concepts of signals and systems in a clear manner, based on the author's 15+ years of teaching the undergraduate course for engineering students. To attain full benefit from the content, readers should have a strong knowledge of calculus and be familiar with integration, differentiation, and summation operations. The book starts with an introduction to signals and systems and continues with coverage of basic signal functions and their manipulations; energy, power, convolution, and systems; Fourier analysis of continuous time signals and digital signals; Laplace transform; and Z transforms. Practical applications are included throughout. The book is also packed with solved examples, self-study exercises, and end of chapter problems.

This book is the first comprehensive volume on nonlinear dynamics and chaos in optical systems. A few books have been published recently, but they summarize applied mathematical methodologies toward understanding of nonlinear dynamics in laser systems with small degrees of freedom focusing on linearized perturbation and bifurcation analyses. In contrast to these publications, this book summarizes nonlinear dynamic problems in optical complex systems possessing large degrees of freedom, systematically featuring our original experimental results and their theoretical treatments. The new concepts introduced in this book will have a wide appeal to audiences involved in a rapidly-growing field of nonlinear dynamics. This book focuses on nonlinear dynamics and cooperative functions in realistic optical complex systems, such as multimode lasers, laser array, coupled nonlinear-element systems, and their applications to optical processing. This book is prepared for graduate students majoring in optical and laser physics, but the generic nature of complex systems described in this book may stimulate researchers in the field of nonlinear dynamics covering different academic areas including applied mathematics, hydrodynamics, celestial mechanics, chemistry, biology, and economics.

In this monograph, the authors offer a comprehensive examination of the latest research on Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition (LCVD). Chapters explore the physics of LCVD as well as the principles of a wide range of related phenomena-including laser-matter interactions, heat transfer, fluid flow, chemical kinetics, and adsorption. With this reference, researchers will discover how to apply these principles to developing theories about various types of LCVD processes; gain greater insight into the basic mechanisms of LCVD; and obtain the ability to design and control an LCVD system.

While traditional apsects of GIS have been growing rapidly in recent years, new developments have focused on the geographic information service and delivery, which will realise the benefits of spatial information to the community. The analysis and application of spatial information for decision support systems is an important development in realising these benefits. This book is a collection of peer-reviewed articles presented at the ISPRS Workshop on Spatial Analysis and Decision Making in Hong Kong in 2003. It covers topics such as image-based spatial analysis and decision making; 3-D modelling and analysis; general spatial analysis methodology; web- and mobile-based analysis; knowledge-based systems; integrated systems; visualisation and representation methodology, and some application systems.

The book contains high quality papers presented in the Fifth International Conference on Innovations in Electronics and Communication Engineering (ICIECE 2016) held at Guru Nanak Institutions, Hyderabad, India during 8 and 9 July 2016. The objective is to provide the latest developments in the field of electronics and communication engineering specially the areas like Image Processing, Wireless Communications, Radar Signal Processing, Embedded Systems and VLSI Design. The book aims to provide an opportunity for researchers, scientists, technocrats, academicians and engineers to exchange their innovative ideas and research findings in the field of Electronics and Communication Engineering.

This book focuses on speech signal phenomena, presenting a robustification of the usual speech generation models with regard to the presumed types of excitation signals, which is equivalent to the introduction of a class of nonlinear models and the corresponding criterion functions for parameter estimation. Compared to the general class of nonlinear models, such as various neural networks, these models possess good properties of controlled complexity, the option of working in "online" mode, as well as a low information volume for efficient speech encoding and transmission. Providing comprehensive insights, the book is based on the authors' research, which has already been published, supplemented by additional texts discussing general considerations of speech modeling, linear predictive analysis and robust parameter estimation.

Within a few short years, fiber optics has skyrocketed from an interesting laboratory experiment to a billion-dollar industry. But with such meteoric growth and recent, exciting advances, even references published less than five years ago are already out of date. The Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary fills a gap in the literature by providing instructors, hobbyists, and top-level engineers with an accessible, current reference. From the author of the best-selling Telecommunications Illustrated Dictionary, this comprehensive reference includes fundamental physics, basic technical information for fiber splicing, installation, maintenance, and repair, and follow-up information for communications and other professionals using fiber optic components. Well-balanced, well-researched, and extensively cross-referenced, it also includes hundreds of photographs, charts, and diagrams that clarify the more complex ideas and put simpler ideas into their applications context. Fiber optics is a vibrant field, not just in terms of its growth and increasing sophistication, but also in terms of the people, places, and details that make up this challenging and rewarding industry. In addition to furnishing an authoritative, up-to-date resource for relevant industry definitions, this dictionary introduces many exciting recent applications as well as hinting at emerging future technologies.

This book presents the recent progress in the field of nanophotonics. It contains review-like chapters focusing on various but mutually related topics in nanophotonics written by the world's leading scientists. Following the elaboration of the idea of nanophotonics, much theoretical and experimental work has been carried out, and several novel photonic devices, high-resolution fabrication, highly efficient energy conversion, and novel information processing have been developed in these years. Novel theoretical models describing the nanometric light-matter interaction, nonequilibrium statistical mechanical models for photon breeding processes and near-field-assisted chemical reactions as well as light-matter interaction are also explained in this book. It describes dressed photon technology and its applications, including implementation of nanophotonic devices and systems, fabrication methods and performance characteristics of ultrathin, ultraflexible organic light-emitting diodes, organic solar cells and organic transistors.

This book is intended for practitioners and applied researchers in remote sensing applications and also for graduate students in the field. This reference provides a surface scattering model covering the entire frequency axis instead of only high- or low-frequency models. The text includes extensive model behaviours and case studies and demonstrates the effectiveness of combining the models and neural networks to classify and retrieve terrain and rough surface parameters.

This book provides a wide scope of contributions related to optoelectronic device application in a variety of robotic systems for diverse purposes. The contributions are focused on optoelectronic sensors and analyzing systems, 3D and 2D machine vision technologies, robot navigation, pose estimations, robot operation in cyclic procedures, control schemes, motion controllers, and intelligent algorithms and vision systems. Applications of these technologies are outlined for unmanned aerial vehicles, autonomous and mobile robots, industrial inspection applications, cultural heritage documentation, and structural health monitoring. Also discussed are recent advanced research in measurement and others areas where 3D and 2D machine vision and machine control play an important role. Surveys and reviews about optoelectronic and vision-based applications are also included. These topics are of interest to readers from a diverse group including those working in optoelectronics, and electrical, electronic and computer engineering.

It is ironic that the ideas ofNewton, which described a beam of light as a stream ofparticles made it difficult for him to explain things like thin film interference. Yet these particles, called 'photons', have caused the adjective 'photonic' to gain common usage, when referring to optical phenomena. The purist might argue that only when we are confronted by the particle nature of light should we use the word photonics. Equally, the argument goes on, only when we are face-to face with an integrable system, i. e. one that possesses an infinite number of conserved quantities, should we say soliton rather than solitary wave. Scientists and engineers are pragmatic, however, and they are happy to use the word 'soliton' to describe what appears to be an excitation that is humped, multi humped, or localised long enough for some use to be made of it. The fact that such 'solitons' may stick to each other (fuse) upon collision is often something to celebrate for an application, rather than just evidence that, after all, these are not really solitons, in the classic sense. 'Soliton', therefore, is a widely used term with the qualification that we are constantly looking out for deviant behaviour that draws our attention to its solitary wave character. In the same spirit, 'photonics' is a useful generic cover-all noun, even when 'electromagnetic theory' or 'optics' would suffice."

A concise volume exploring the basic fundamentals of modern laser communication systems, this book provides comprehensive information from a system designer's point of view. The book provides a thorough review of history, architectures, design methodologies, optical design guidelines, and tracking and communication processes. It explains exactly how to design a laser communication system and its potential applications.

This book highlights the capabilities and limitations of radar and air navigation. It discusses issues related to the physical principles of an electromagnetic field, the structure of radar information, and ways to transmit it. Attention is paid to the classification of radio waves used for transmitting radar information, as well as to the physical description of their propagation media. The third part of the book addresses issues related to the current state of navigation systems used in civil aviation and the prospects for their development in the future, as well as the history of satellite radio navigation systems. The book may be useful for schoolchildren, interested in the problems of radar and air navigation.

When a photon meets a nanostructure, many interesting phenomena occur. This book aims at developing the theories and the applications of photon interactions with nanostructures. The contributors were all participants in the well-known Japanese national research project, "Near-Field Nano-Optics", which ran from 1997 to 2000. The book covers a wide range of disciplines in nano-optics, including the theoretical development of imaging-contrast mechanisms as a result of photon and nanomatter interactions, and discussions on different near-field nanoprobes. Applications of nano-optics to sensing, imaging, analysis, and the fabrication of nanostructures, such as molecules and quantum devices, are also discussed, with a collection of experimental examples.

This book focuses on a novel phenomenon named photon breeding. It is applied to realizing light-emitting diodes and lasers made of indirect-transition-type silicon bulk crystals in which the light-emission principle is based on dressed photons. After presenting physical pictures of dressed photons and dressed-photon phonons, the principle of light emission by using dressed-photon phonons is reviewed. A novel phenomenon named photon breeding is also reviewed. Next, the fabrication and operation of light emitting diodes and lasers are described The role of coherent phonons in these devices is discussed. Finally, light-emitting diodes using other relevant crystals are described and other relevant devices are also reviewed.

This second volume of the series on photorefractive effects focuses on the most recent developments in the field and highlights the parameters which govern the photoinduced nonlinearity. Besides reviewing conventional electro-optic crystals, this book deals with organic photorefractive materials, giving an in-depth assessment of the present understanding of the effect in a variety of materials. The materials considered in this volume will play a significant role in the development of applications such as presented in the third volume.

This book gathers outstanding research papers presented at the International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence (IJCCI 2019), held at the University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB), Dhaka, on 25-26 October 2019 and jointly organized by the University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB), Bangladesh; Jahangirnagar University (JU), Bangladesh; and South Asian University (SAU), India. These proceedings present novel contributions in the areas of computational intelligence, and offer valuable reference material for advanced research. The topics covered include collective intelligence, soft computing, optimization, cloud computing, machine learning, intelligent software, robotics, data science, data security, big data analytics, and signal and natural language processing.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 4th Nassau M ssbauer Symposium, held in Garden City, NY, USA in January 2006. The conference and its proceedings are dedicated to one of the pioneers of M ssbauer Spectroscopy, the late Dr. Stanley Ruby, whose original ideas, insight and enthusiasm helped create new research fields. The volume reports on the progress in various areas of applications of M ssbauer Effect.