A state-of-the-art description of metastability observed in chalcogenide alloys is presented with the accent on the underlying physics. A comparison is made between sulphur(selenium)-based chalcogenide glasses, where numerous photo-induced phenomena take place entirely within the amorphous phase, and tellurides where a reversible crystal-to-amorphous phase-change transformation is a major effect. Applications of metastability in devices?optical memories and nonvolatile electronic phase-change random-access memories among others are discussed, including the latest trends. Background material essential for understanding current research in the field is also provided.

This textbook grew out of notes for the ECE143 Programming for Data Analysis class that the author has been teaching at University of California, San Diego, which is a requirement for both graduate and undergraduate degrees in Machine Learning and Data Science. This book is ideal for readers with some Python programming experience. The book covers key language concepts that must be understood to program effectively, especially for data analysis applications. Certain low-level language features are discussed in detail, especially Python memory management and data structures. Using Python effectively means taking advantage of its vast ecosystem. The book discusses Python package management and how to use third-party modules as well as how to structure your own Python modules. The section on object-oriented programming explains features of the language that facilitate common programming patterns. After developing the key Python language features, the book moves on to third-party modules that are foundational for effective data analysis, starting with Numpy. The book develops key Numpy concepts and discusses internal Numpy array data structures and memory usage. Then, the author moves onto Pandas and details its many features for data processing and alignment. Because strong visualizations are important for communicating data analysis, key modules such as Matplotlib are developed in detail, along with web-based options such as Bokeh, Holoviews, Altair, and Plotly. The text is sprinkled with many tricks-of-the-trade that help avoid common pitfalls. The author explains the internal logic embodied in the Python language so that readers can get into the Python mindset and make better design choices in their codes, which is especially helpful for newcomers to both Python and data analysis. To get the most out of this book, open a Python interpreter and type along with the many code samples.

This hands-on, laboratory driven textbook helps readers understand principles of digital signal processing (DSP) and basics of software-based digital communication, particularly software-defined networks (SDN) and software-defined radio (SDR). In the book only the most important concepts are presented. Each book chapter is an introduction to computer laboratory and is accompanied by complete laboratory exercises and ready-to-go Matlab programs with figures and comments (available at the book webpage and running also in GNU Octave 5.2 with free software packages), showing all or most details of relevant algorithms. Students are tasked to understand programs, modify them, and apply presented concepts to recorded real RF signal or simulated received signals, with modelled transmission condition and hardware imperfections. Teaching is done by showing examples and their modifications to different real-world telecommunication-like applications. The book consists of three parts: introduction to DSP (spectral analysis and digital filtering), introduction to DSP advanced topics (multi-rate, adaptive, model-based and multimedia - speech, audio, video - signal analysis and processing) and introduction to software-defined modern telecommunication systems (SDR technology, analog and digital modulations, single- and multi-carrier systems, channel estimation and correction as well as synchronization issues). Many real signals are processed in the book, in the first part - mainly speech and audio, while in the second part - mainly RF recordings taken from RTL-SDR USB stick and ADALM-PLUTO module, for example captured IQ data of VOR avionics signal, classical FM radio with RDS, digital DAB/DAB+ radio and 4G-LTE digital telephony. Additionally, modelling and simulation of some transmission scenarios are tested in software in the book, in particular TETRA, ADSL and 5G signals. Provides an introduction to digital signal processing and software-based digital communication; Presents a transition from digital signal processing to software-defined telecommunication; Features a suite of pedagogical materials including a laboratory test-bed and computer exercises/experiments .

This book computes the first- and second-order derivative matrices of skew ray and optical path length, while also providing an important mathematical tool for automatic optical design. This book consists of three parts. Part One reviews the basic theories of skew-ray tracing, paraxial optics and primary aberrations - essential reading that lays the foundation for the modeling work presented in the rest of this book. Part Two derives the Jacobian matrices of a ray and its optical path length. Although this issue is also addressed in other publications, they generally fail to consider all of the variables of a non-axially symmetrical system. The modeling work thus provides a more robust framework for the analysis and design of non-axially symmetrical systems such as prisms and head-up displays. Lastly, Part Three proposes a computational scheme for deriving the Hessian matrices of a ray and its optical path length, offering an effective means of determining an appropriate search direction when tuning the system variables in the system design process.

This book covers current technological innovations and applications in image processing, introducing analysis techniques and describing applications in remote sensing and manufacturing, among others. The authors include new concepts of color space transformation like color interpolation, among others. Also, the concept of Shearlet Transform and Wavelet Transform and their implementation are discussed. The authors include a perspective about concepts and techniques of remote sensing like image mining, geographical, and agricultural resources. The book also includes several applications of human organ biomedical image analysis. In addition, the principle of moving object detection and tracking - including recent trends in moving vehicles and ship detection - is described. Presents developments of current research in various areas of image processing; Includes applications of image processing in remote sensing, astronomy, and manufacturing; Pertains to researchers, academics, students, and practitioners in image processing.

This book offers a holistic framework to study behavior and evolutionary dynamics in large-scale, decentralized, and heterogeneous crowd networks. In the emerging crowd cyber-ecosystems, millions of deeply connected individuals, smart devices, government agencies, and enterprises actively interact with each other and influence each other's decisions. It is crucial to understand such intelligent entities' behaviors and to study their strategic interactions in order to provide important guidelines on the design of reliable networks capable of predicting and preventing detrimental events with negative impacts on our society and economy. This book reviews the fundamental methodologies to study user interactions and evolutionary dynamics in crowd networks and discusses recent advances in this emerging interdisciplinary research field. Using information diffusion over social networks as an example, it presents a thorough investigation of the impact of user behavior on the network evolution process and demonstrates how this can help improve network performance. Intended for graduate students and researchers from various disciplines, including but not limited to, data science, networking, signal processing, complex systems, and economics, the book encourages researchers in related research fields to explore the many untouched areas in this domain, and ultimately to design crowd networks with efficient, effective, and reliable services.

This book presents current trends that are dominating technology and society, including privacy, high performance computing in the cloud, networking and IoT, and bioinformatics. By providing chapters detailing accessible descriptions of the research frontiers in each of these domains, the reader is provided with a unique understanding of what is currently feasible. Readers are also given a vision of what these technologies can be expected to produce in the near future. The topics are covered comprehensively by experts in respective areas. Each section includes an overview that puts the research topics in perspective and integrates the sections into an overview of how technology is evolving. The book represents the proceedings of the International Symposium on Sensor Networks, Systems and Security, August 31 - September 2, 2017, Lakeland Florida.

This book collects selected papers from the 6th Conference on Signal and Information Processing, Networking and Computers, held in Guiyang, China, on August 13 - 16, 2019. Focusing on the latest advances in information theory, communication systems, computer science, aerospace technologies, big data and other related technologies, it offers a valuable resource for researchers and industrial practitioners alike.

This book organizes principles and methods of signal processing and machine learning into the framework of coherence. The book contains a wealth of classical and modern methods of inference, some reported here for the first time. General results are applied to problems in communications, cognitive radio, passive and active radar and sonar, multi-sensor array processing, spectrum analysis, hyperspectral imaging, subspace clustering, and related. The reader will find new results for model fitting; for dimension reduction in models and ambient spaces; for detection, estimation, and space-time series analysis; for subspace averaging; and for uncertainty quantification. Throughout, the transformation invariances of statistics are clarified, geometries are illuminated, and null distributions are given where tractable. Stochastic representations are emphasized, as these are central to Monte Carlo simulations. The appendices contain a comprehensive account of matrix theory, the SVD, the multivariate normal distribution, and many of the important distributions for coherence statistics. The book begins with a review of classical results in the physical and engineering sciences where coherence plays a fundamental role. Then least squares theory and the theory of minimum mean-squared error estimation are developed, with special attention paid to statistics that may be interpreted as coherence statistics. A chapter on classical hypothesis tests for covariance structure introduces the next three chapters on matched and adaptive subspace detectors. These detectors are derived from likelihood reasoning, but it is their geometries and invariances that qualify them as coherence statistics. A chapter on independence testing in space-time data sets leads to a definition of broadband coherence, and contains novel applications to cognitive radio and the analysis of cyclostationarity. The chapter on subspace averaging reviews basic results and derives an order-fitting rule for determining the dimension of an average subspace. These results are used to enumerate sources of acoustic and electromagnetic radiation and to cluster subspaces into similarity classes. The chapter on performance bounds and uncertainty quantification emphasizes the geometry of the Cramer-Rao bound and its related information geometry.

This book describes in detail different types of vibration signals and the signal processing methods, including signal resampling and signal envelope, used for condition monitoring of drivetrains. A special emphasis is placed on wind turbines and on the fact that they work in highly varying operational conditions. The core of the book is devoted to cutting-edge methods used to validate and process vibration data in these conditions. Key case studies, where advanced signal processing methods are used to detect failures of gearboxes and bearings of wind turbines, are described and discussed in detail. Vibration sensors, SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), portable data analyzers and online condition monitoring systems, are also covered. This book offers a timely guide to both researchers and professionals working with wind turbines (but also other machines), and to graduate students willing to extend their knowledge in the field of vibration analysis.

Metal Nanostructures for Photonics presents updates on the development of materials with enhanced optical properties and the demand for novel metal-dielectric nanocomposites and nanostructured materials. The book covers various aspects of metal-dielectric nanocomposites and metallic-nanostructures and illustrates techniques used to prepare and characterize materials and their physical properties. It focuses on three main sections, nanocomposites with enhanced luminescence properties due to contributions of metal nanoparticles hosted in photonic glasses, near and far-field optical phenomena, and the optical response of single nanoparticles that reveal quantum phenomena in the nanoscale, amongst other topics. This book will serve as an important research reference for materials scientists who want to learn more on how a range of metallic nanostructured materials are used in photonics.

This book presents selected papers from the 2021 International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICEEE 2020), held on January 2-3, 2021. The book focuses on the current developments in various fields of electrical and electronics engineering, such as power generation, transmission and distribution; renewable energy sources and technologies; power electronics and applications; robotics; artificial intelligence and IoT; control, automation and instrumentation; electronics devices, circuits and systems; wireless and optical communication; RF and microwaves; VLSI; and signal processing. The book is a valuable resource for academics and industry professionals alike.

This reference blends the concepts of optics and microwave theory. It is logically organized in two main parts, the first section deals with network analysis, while the second concentrates on signal analysis. As a whole, the text focuses on the fundamental aspects of optical networks. Methodology, rather than analysis, is the focus of the book. The discussion provides the tools you need to perform your own in-depth analysis of optical networks.

The book focuses on fractal control and applications in various fields. Fractal phenomena occur in nonlinear models, and since the behaviors depicted by fractals need to be controlled in practical applications, an understanding of fractal control is necessary. This book introduces readers to Julia set fractals and Mandelbrot set fractals in a range of models, such as physical systems, biological systems and SIRS models, and discusses controllers designed to control these fractals. Further, it demonstrates how the fractal dimension can be calculated in order to describe the complexity of various systems.Offering a comprehensive and systematic overview of the practical issues in fractal control, this book is a valuable resource for readers interested in practical solutions in fractal control. It will also appeal to researchers, engineers, and graduate students in fields of fractal control and applications, as well as chaos control and applications.

This book gathers selected papers presented at 3rd International Conference on Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCCT 2021), jointly organized in virtual format by Rajasthan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur and Rajasthan Technical University Kota in association with Soft Computing Research Society, during 27-28 February 2021. The volume is a collection of state-of-the-art research work in the cutting-edge technologies related to communication and intelligent systems. The topics covered are algorithms and applications of intelligent systems, informatics and applications, and communication and control systems.

This text discusses the fundamental physical concepts involved in understanding charged particle and photon beams. The presentation is unified; particle dynamics in linear and circular accelerators are discussed in common language, as are the evolution of particle and laser beams. This book is aimed at the advanced undergraduate student, and contains numerous illustrative exercises.

Some of the most exciting developments in the optics and processing of nanostructured materials can be found in applied science and engineering. The topics covered in this book are at the cutting edge of research.

This book presents an approach to postmortem human identification using dental image processing based on dental features and characteristics, and provides information on various identification systems based on dental features using image processing operations. The book also provides information on a novel human identification approach that uses Infinite Symmetric Exponential Filter (ISEF) based edge detection and contouring algorithms. Provides complete details on dental imaging; Discusses the important features of a human identification approach and presents a brief review on DICOM standard for dental imaging; Presents human identification approach based on dental features.

This first textbook on both micro- and nanooptics introduces readers to the technological development, physical background and key areas.
The opening chapters on the physics of light are complemented by chapters on refractive and diffractive optical elements. The internationally renowned authors present different methods of lithographic and nonlithographic fabrication of microoptics and introduce the characterization and testing of microoptics.
The second part of the book is dedicated to optical microsystems and MEMS, optical waveguide structures and optical nanostructures, including photonic crystals and metamaterials.
Each chapter includes exercises illustrating a sample approach to new and complex topics, making the textbook suitable for lectures on optics as part of a physics or electrical engineering course.

The book presents selected papers at the 8th Conference on Sound and Music Technology (CSMT) held in November 2020, at Taiyuan, Shanxi, China. CSMT is a multidisciplinary conference focusing on audio processing and understanding with bias on music and acoustic signals. The primary aim of the conference is to promote the collaboration between art society and technical society in China. In this proceeding, the paper included covers a wide range topic from speech, signal processing, music understanding, machine learning and signal processing for advanced medical diagnosis and treatment applications; which demonstrates the target of CSMT merging arts and science research together.its content caters to scholars, researchers, engineers, artists, and education practitioners not only from academia but also industry, who are interested in audio/acoustics analysis signal processing, music, sound, and artificial intelligence (AI).

This book describes how a key signal/image processing algorithm - that of the fast Hartley transform (FHT) or, via a simple conversion routine between their outputs, of the real-data version of the ubiquitous fast Fourier transform (FFT) - might best be formulated to facilitate computationally-efficient solutions. The author discusses this for both 1-D (such as required, for example, for the spectrum analysis of audio signals) and m-D (such as required, for example, for the compression of noisy 2-D images or the watermarking of 3-D video signals) cases, but requiring few computing resources (i.e. low arithmetic/memory/power requirements, etc.). This is particularly relevant for those application areas, such as mobile communications, where the available silicon resources (as well as the battery-life) are expected to be limited. The aim of this monograph, where silicon-based computing technology and a resource-constrained environment is assumed and the data is real-valued in nature, has thus been to seek solutions that best match the actual problem needing to be solved.

In this book, computational optical phase imaging techniques are presented along with Matlab codes that allow the reader to run their own simulations and gain a thorough understanding of the current state-of-the-art. The book focuses on modern applications of computational optical phase imaging in engineering measurements and biomedical imaging. Additionally, it discusses the future of computational optical phase imaging, especially in terms of system miniaturization and deep learning-based phase retrieval.

The book provides a comprehensive exposition of all major topics in digital signal processing (DSP). With numerous illustrative examples for easy understanding of the topics, it also includes MATLAB-based examples with codes in order to encourage the readers to become more confident of the fundamentals and to gain insights into DSP. Further, it presents real-world signal processing design problems using MATLAB and programmable DSP processors. In addition to problems that require analytical solutions, it discusses problems that require solutions using MATLAB at the end of each chapter. Divided into 13 chapters, it addresses many emerging topics, which are not typically found in advanced texts on DSP. It includes a chapter on adaptive digital filters used in the signal processing problems for faster acceptable results in the presence of changing environments and changing system requirements. Moreover, it offers an overview of wavelets, enabling readers to easily understand the basics and applications of this powerful mathematical tool for signal and image processing. The final chapter explores DSP processors, which is an area of growing interest for researchers. A valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students, it can also be used for self-study by researchers, practicing engineers and scientists in electronics, communications, and computer engineering as well as for teaching one- to two-semester courses.

This book provides information about wireless systems and WIMAX modeling. The authors provide various techniques for the WiMAX systems such as antenna diversity and Alamouti coding. The performance of these systems is tested using various types of data and the results of systems are presented and discussed. Additional topics include WiMAX simulation using diversity techniques and real time WiMAX system modeling. The book pertains to researchers, academics, students, and professionals. Provides information about wireless system modeling and WiMAX systems; Presents WiMAX system modeling using antenna diversity techniques and the Alamouti coding scheme; Includes real time WiMAX system modeling for speech signal and digital images.